{"id":908,"date":"2023-07-28T08:34:13","date_gmt":"2023-07-28T08:34:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/barras-de-erro-python\/"},"modified":"2023-07-28T08:34:13","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T08:34:13","slug":"barras-de-erro-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/barras-de-erro-python\/","title":{"rendered":"Como adicionar barras de erro a gr\u00e1ficos em python"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Freq\u00fcentemente, voc\u00ea pode querer adicionar <strong>barras de erro<\/strong> aos gr\u00e1ficos em Python para capturar incertezas em torno de medi\u00e7\u00f5es ou valores calculados. Felizmente, isso \u00e9 f\u00e1cil de fazer usando a biblioteca matplotlib.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este tutorial explica como adicionar barras de erro a gr\u00e1ficos de barras e gr\u00e1ficos de linhas em Python.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Barras de erro em gr\u00e1ficos de barras<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Suponha que temos o seguinte conjunto de dados de 10 valores em Python:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">import<\/span> numpy <span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">as<\/span> np\n<span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">import<\/span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">as<\/span> plt\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define dataset<\/span>\ndata = [4, 6, 6, 8, 9, 14, 16, 16, 17, 20]<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Para criar um gr\u00e1fico de barras com barras de erro para este conjunto de dados, podemos definir a largura das barras de erro como <strong>erro padr\u00e3o<\/strong> , que \u00e9 calculado como<\/span><strong><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Erro padr\u00e3o = s \/ \u221an<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ouro:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>s:<\/strong> desvio padr\u00e3o da amostra<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>n:<\/strong> tamanho da amostra<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O c\u00f3digo a seguir mostra como calcular o erro padr\u00e3o para este exemplo:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate standard error<\/span>\nstd_error = np.std(data, ddof=1) \/ np.sqrt(len(data))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view standard error<\/span>\nstd_error\n\n1.78\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Finalmente, podemos criar o gr\u00e1fico de barras usando barras de erro com largura igual ao erro padr\u00e3o:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define chart<\/span> \nfig, ax = plt.subplots()\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create chart<\/span>\nax.bar(x=np.arange(len(data)), <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#x-coordinates of bars<\/span>\n       height=data, <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#height of bars<\/span>\n       yerr=std_error, <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#error bar width<\/span>\n       capsize=4) <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#length of error bar caps<\/span><\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9718 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/erreur_bar_python1.png\" alt=\"Gr\u00e1fico de barras com barras de erro em Python\" width=\"438\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O erro padr\u00e3o acabou sendo <strong>1,78<\/strong> . Esta \u00e9 a largura da barra de erro que se estende em qualquer dire\u00e7\u00e3o a partir das estimativas pontuais no gr\u00e1fico. Por exemplo, o valor da primeira barra no gr\u00e1fico \u00e9 4, portanto possui uma barra de erro que se estende de:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Extremidade inferior: 4 \u2013 178 = <strong>2,22<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Extremidade superior: 4 + 1,78 = <strong>5,78<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cada barra de erro no gr\u00e1fico tem a mesma largura.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Barras de erro em gr\u00e1ficos de linhas<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O c\u00f3digo a seguir mostra como criar um gr\u00e1fico de linhas com barras de erro para o mesmo conjunto de dados:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">import<\/span> numpy <span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">as<\/span> np\n<span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">import<\/span> matplotlib.pyplot <span style=\"color: #107d3f;\">as<\/span> plt\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define data<\/span>\ndata = [4, 6, 6, 8, 9, 14, 16, 16, 17, 20]\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define x and y coordinates\n<\/span>x = np.arange(len(data))\ny = data\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create line chart with error bars\n<\/span>fig, ax = plt.subplots()\n\nax.errorbar(x, y,\n            yerr=std_error,\n            capsize=4)<\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9720 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/erreur_bar_python2.png\" alt=\"Gr\u00e1fico de linhas com barras de erro em Python\" width=\"397\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Observe que o argumento <strong>yerr<\/strong> diz ao Python para criar barras de erro verticais. Em vez disso, poder\u00edamos usar barras verticais horizontais usando o argumento <strong>xerr<\/strong> :<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create line chart with horizontal error bars\n<\/span>fig, ax = plt.subplots()\n\nax.errorbar(x, y,\n            <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">xerr<\/span> =std_error,\n            capsize=4)<\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9721 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/erreur_bar_python3.png\" alt=\"Barras de erro no gr\u00e1fico Python\" width=\"418\" height=\"289\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Voc\u00ea pode encontrar mais tutoriais de Python <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/estatologia-explica-conceitos-de-forma-simples-e-direta-facilitamos-o-aprendizado-de-estatistica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aqui<\/a> .<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Freq\u00fcentemente, voc\u00ea pode querer adicionar barras de erro aos gr\u00e1ficos em Python para capturar incertezas em torno de medi\u00e7\u00f5es ou valores calculados. Felizmente, isso \u00e9 f\u00e1cil de fazer usando a biblioteca matplotlib. Este tutorial explica como adicionar barras de erro a gr\u00e1ficos de barras e gr\u00e1ficos de linhas em Python. Barras de erro em gr\u00e1ficos [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como adicionar barras de erro a gr\u00e1ficos em Python - Estatologia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Uma explica\u00e7\u00e3o simples sobre como adicionar barras de erro a gr\u00e1ficos em Python.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/barras-de-erro-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como adicionar barras de erro a gr\u00e1ficos em Python - Estatologia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Uma explica\u00e7\u00e3o simples sobre como adicionar barras de erro a gr\u00e1ficos em Python.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/barras-de-erro-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-28T08:34:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/erreur_bar_python1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/barras-de-erro-python\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/barras-de-erro-python\/\",\"name\":\"Como adicionar barras de erro a gr\u00e1ficos em Python - Estatologia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-28T08:34:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-28T08:34:13+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Uma explica\u00e7\u00e3o simples sobre como adicionar barras de erro a gr\u00e1ficos em Python.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/barras-de-erro-python\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/barras-de-erro-python\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/barras-de-erro-python\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como adicionar barras de erro a gr\u00e1ficos em python\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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