{"id":911,"date":"2023-07-28T08:19:55","date_gmt":"2023-07-28T08:19:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-zr\/"},"modified":"2023-07-28T08:19:55","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T08:19:55","slug":"pontuacao-zr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-zr\/","title":{"rendered":"Como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es z em r"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nas estat\u00edsticas, uma <strong>pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z<\/strong> nos diz quantos desvios padr\u00e3o um valor est\u00e1 da m\u00e9dia. Usamos a seguinte f\u00f3rmula para calcular uma pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>z<\/strong> = (X \u2013 \u03bc) \/ \u03c3<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ouro:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">X \u00e9 um \u00fanico valor de dados brutos<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u03bc \u00e9 a m\u00e9dia da popula\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u03c3 \u00e9 o desvio padr\u00e3o da popula\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Este tutorial explica como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es z para valores de dados brutos em R.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 1: Encontrando pontua\u00e7\u00f5es Z para um \u00fanico vetor<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O c\u00f3digo a seguir mostra como encontrar a pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z para cada valor de dados brutos em um vetor:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create vector of data<\/span>\ndata &lt;- c(6, 7, 7, 12, 13, 13, 15, 16, 19, 22)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find z-score for each data value<\/span> \nz_scores &lt;- (data-mean(data))\/sd(data)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#display z-scores<\/span>\nz_scores\n\n[1] -1.3228757 -1.1338934 -1.1338934 -0.1889822 0.0000000 0.0000000\n[7] 0.3779645 0.5669467 1.1338934 1.7008401\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cada pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z nos diz quantos desvios padr\u00e3o um valor individual est\u00e1 da m\u00e9dia. Por exemplo:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O primeiro valor dos dados brutos de &#8220;6&#8221; est\u00e1 <strong>1,323<\/strong> desvios padr\u00e3o <em>abaixo<\/em> da m\u00e9dia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O quinto valor dos dados brutos, &#8220;13&#8221;, \u00e9 <strong>0<\/strong> desvio padr\u00e3o da m\u00e9dia, ou seja, \u00e9 igual \u00e0 m\u00e9dia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O \u00faltimo valor dos dados brutos de &#8220;22&#8221; est\u00e1 <strong>1.701<\/strong> desvios padr\u00e3o <em>acima<\/em> da m\u00e9dia.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 2: Encontre pontua\u00e7\u00f5es Z para uma \u00fanica coluna em um DataFrame<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O c\u00f3digo a seguir mostra como encontrar a pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z para cada valor de dados brutos em uma \u00fanica coluna de um dataframe:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create dataframe<\/span>\ndf &lt;- data.frame(assists = c(4, 4, 6, 7, 9, 13),\n                 points = c(24, 29, 13, 15, 19, 22),\n                 rebounds = c(5, 5, 7, 8, 14, 15))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find z-score for each data value in the 'points' column\n<\/span>z_scores &lt;- (df$points-mean(df$points))\/sd(df$points)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#display z-scores<\/span>\nz_scores\n\n[1] 0.6191904 1.4635409 -1.2383807 -0.9006405 -0.2251601 0.2814502\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cada pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z nos diz quantos desvios padr\u00e3o um valor individual est\u00e1 da m\u00e9dia. Por exemplo:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O primeiro valor dos dados brutos de &#8220;24&#8221; est\u00e1 <strong>0,619<\/strong> desvios padr\u00e3o <em>acima<\/em> da m\u00e9dia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O segundo valor dos dados brutos, \u201c29\u201d, est\u00e1 <strong>1,464<\/strong> desvios padr\u00e3o <em>acima<\/em> da m\u00e9dia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O terceiro valor dos dados brutos, \u201c13\u201d, est\u00e1 <strong>1,238<\/strong> desvios padr\u00e3o <em>abaixo<\/em> da m\u00e9dia.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">E assim por diante.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Exemplo 3: Encontre pontua\u00e7\u00f5es Z para cada coluna em um DataFrame<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O c\u00f3digo a seguir mostra como encontrar a pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z para cada valor de dados brutos em cada coluna de um quadro de dados usando a <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/um-guia-para-aplicar-lapply-sapply-e-tapply-em-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fun\u00e7\u00e3o sapply()<\/a> .<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create dataframe<\/span>\ndf &lt;- data.frame(assists = c(4, 4, 6, 7, 9, 13),\n                 points = c(24, 29, 13, 15, 19, 22),\n                 rebounds = c(5, 5, 7, 8, 14, 15))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find z-scores of each column<\/span>\nsapply(df, function(df) (df-mean(df))\/sd(df))\n\n         assists points rebounds\n[1,] -0.92315712 0.6191904 -0.9035079\n[2,] -0.92315712 1.4635409 -0.9035079\n[3,] -0.34011052 -1.2383807 -0.4517540\n[4,] -0.04858722 -0.9006405 -0.2258770\n[5,] 0.53445939 -0.2251601 1.1293849\n[6,] 1.70055260 0.2814502 1.3552619<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">As pontua\u00e7\u00f5es z para cada valor individual s\u00e3o exibidas em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 coluna em que est\u00e3o localizadas. Por exemplo:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O primeiro valor de \u201c4\u201d na primeira coluna \u00e9 <strong>0,923<\/strong> desvios padr\u00e3o <i>abaixo<\/i> do valor m\u00e9dio da sua coluna.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O primeiro valor de \u201c24\u201d na segunda coluna \u00e9 <strong>0,619<\/strong> desvios padr\u00e3o <i>acima<\/i> do valor m\u00e9dio da sua coluna.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">O primeiro valor de \u201c9\u201d na terceira coluna \u00e9 <strong>0,904<\/strong> desvios padr\u00e3o <em>inferior<\/em> ao valor m\u00e9dio da sua coluna.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">E assim por diante.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Voc\u00ea pode encontrar mais tutoriais de R <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/estatologia-explica-conceitos-de-forma-simples-e-direta-facilitamos-o-aprendizado-de-estatistica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aqui<\/a> .<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nas estat\u00edsticas, uma pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z nos diz quantos desvios padr\u00e3o um valor est\u00e1 da m\u00e9dia. Usamos a seguinte f\u00f3rmula para calcular uma pontua\u00e7\u00e3o z: z = (X \u2013 \u03bc) \/ \u03c3 Ouro: X \u00e9 um \u00fanico valor de dados brutos \u03bc \u00e9 a m\u00e9dia da popula\u00e7\u00e3o \u03c3 \u00e9 o desvio padr\u00e3o da popula\u00e7\u00e3o Este tutorial [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es Z em R - Estatoriais<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Uma explica\u00e7\u00e3o simples de como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es z em R, incluindo um exemplo.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-zr\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es Z em R - Estatoriais\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Uma explica\u00e7\u00e3o simples de como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es z em R, incluindo um exemplo.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-zr\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-28T08:19:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. benjamim anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-zr\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-zr\/\",\"name\":\"Como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es Z em R - Estatoriais\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-28T08:19:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-28T08:19:55+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\"},\"description\":\"Uma explica\u00e7\u00e3o simples de como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es z em R, incluindo um exemplo.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-zr\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-zr\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/pontuacao-zr\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Lar\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Como calcular pontua\u00e7\u00f5es z em r\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"O seu guia para a literacia estat\u00edstica!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/e08f98e8db95e0aa9c310e1b27c9c666\",\"name\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr. benjamim anderson\"},\"description\":\"Ol\u00e1, sou Benjamin, um professor aposentado de estat\u00edstica que se tornou professor dedicado na Statorials. 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