{"id":1226,"date":"2023-07-27T05:20:12","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T05:20:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ru\/%d0%b4%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b8-%d0%b8%d0%bd%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%bb-%d0%b2-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-27T05:20:12","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T05:20:12","slug":"%d0%b4%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b8-%d0%b8%d0%bd%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%bb-%d0%b2-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ru\/%d0%b4%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b8-%d0%b8%d0%bd%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%bb-%d0%b2-r\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0432 r (\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ru\/\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044b\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b<\/a> \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ru\/\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432-\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/a> \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0435:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b<\/strong> = (\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430) +\/- (\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435)* (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430)<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b<\/strong> = [\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b]<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0432 R:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1.<\/strong> \u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2.<\/strong> \u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3.<\/strong> \u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>4.<\/strong> \u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041f\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043c!<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 1: \u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ru\/\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0438-\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0438-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a> :<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b = <span style=\"text-decoration: overline;\">x<\/span> +\/- t <sub>n-1, 1-\u03b1\/2<\/sub> *(s\/\u221an)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0417\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: overline;\">x<\/span> :<\/strong> \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>t:<\/strong> t-\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>s:<\/strong> \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>n:<\/strong> \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c, \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 <strong>n = 25<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: overline;\">x<\/span> = 300<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <strong>s = 18,5<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c 95% \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0445:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#input sample size, sample mean, and sample standard deviation\n<\/span>n &lt;- 25\nxbar &lt;- 300 \ns &lt;- 18.5\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate margin of error\n<\/span>margin &lt;- qt(0.975,df=n-1)*s\/sqrt(n)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate lower and upper bounds of confidence interval\n<\/span>low &lt;- xbar - margin\nlow\n\n[1] 292.3636\n\nhigh &lt;- xbar + margin\nhigh\n\n[1] 307.6364\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">95% \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 <strong>[292,36, 307,64]<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 2: \u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ru\/\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430-\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430-\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443-\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/a> :<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b<\/strong> = ( <span style=\"text-decoration: overline;\">x<\/span> <sub>1<\/sub> \u2013 <span style=\"text-decoration: overline;\">x<\/span> <sub>2<\/sub> ) +\/- t*\u221a((s <sub>p<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> \/n <sub>1<\/sub> ) + (s <sub>p<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> \/n <sub>2<\/sub> ))<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0417\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: overline;\">x<\/span> <sub>1<\/sub> , <span style=\"text-decoration: overline;\">x<\/span> <sub>2<\/sub> : \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u0430 1, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u0430 2<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">t: t-\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 (n <sub>1<\/sub> + n <sub>2<\/sub> -2) \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u044b.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">s <sub>p<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> : \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a ((n <sub>1<\/sub> -1)s <sub>1<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> + (n <sub>2<\/sub> -1)s <sub>2<\/sub> <sup>2<\/sup> ) \/ (n <sub>1<\/sub> +n <sub>2<\/sub> -2)<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">t: t-\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">n <sub>1<\/sub> , n <sub>2<\/sub> : \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 1, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 2<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c, \u043c\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u0437 15 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u0443:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0446 1:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: overline;\">\u04451<\/span> = <sub>310<\/sub><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0441 <sub>1<\/sub> = 18,5<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u043f <sub>1<\/sub> = 15<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0446 2:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: overline;\">\u04452<\/span> <sub>=<\/sub> 300<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><sub>\u04412<\/sub> = 16,4<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><sub>\u043f2<\/sub> = 15<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c 95% \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#input sample size, sample mean, and sample standard deviation\n<\/span>n1 &lt;- 15\nxbar1 &lt;- 310 \ns1 &lt;- 18.5\n\nn2 &lt;- 15\nxbar2 &lt;- 300\ns2 &lt;- 16.4\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate pooled variance\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">sp = ((n1-1)*s1^2 + (n2-1)*s2^2) \/ (n1+n2-2)<\/span>\n\n#calculate margin of error\n<\/span>margin &lt;- qt(0.975,df=n1+n2-1)*sqrt(sp\/n1 + sp\/n2)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate lower and upper bounds of confidence interval\n<\/span>low &lt;- (xbar1-xbar2) - margin\nlow\n\n[1] -3.055445\n\nhigh &lt;- (xbar1-xbar2) + margin\nhigh\n\n[1] 23.05544\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">95% \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 <strong>[-3,06, 23,06]<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 3: \u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ru\/\u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f-\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/a> :<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b = p<\/strong> <strong>+\/- z*(\u221a <span style=\"text-decoration: overline;\">p(1-p) \/ n<\/span> )<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0417\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>p:<\/strong> \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>z:<\/strong> \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 z<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>n:<\/strong> \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c, \u043c\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d. \u041c\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u0437 100 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0445, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0443. \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 <strong>n = 100<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0414\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430 <strong>p = 0,56<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c 95% \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#input sample size and sample proportion\n<\/span>n &lt;- 100\np &lt;- .56<span style=\"color: #008080;\">\n\n#calculate margin of error\n<\/span>margin &lt;- qnorm(0.975)*sqrt(p*(1-p)\/n)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate lower and upper bounds of confidence interval\n<\/span>low &lt;- p - margin\nlow\n\n[1] 0.4627099\n\nhigh &lt;- p + margin\nhigh\n\n[1] 0.6572901\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">95% \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 <strong>[0,463, 0,657]<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 4: \u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/ru\/\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0438-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0438\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445<\/a> :<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b = (p <sub>1<\/sub> \u2013p <sub>2<\/sub> ) +\/- z*\u221a(p <sub>1<\/sub> (1-p <sub>1<\/sub> )\/n <sub>1<\/sub> + p <sub>2<\/sub> (1-p <sub>2<\/sub> )\/n <sub>2<\/sub> )<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0417\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">p <sub>1<\/sub> , p <sub>2<\/sub> : \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u0430 1, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u0430 2.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">z: z-\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">n <sub>1<\/sub> , n <sub>2<\/sub> : \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 1, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 2<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c, \u043c\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0435 \u0410, \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0435 \u0411. \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0446 1:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u043f <sub>1<\/sub> = 100<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">p <sub>1<\/sub> = 0,62 (\u0442.\u0435. 62 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437 100 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0446 2:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><sub>\u043f2<\/sub> = 100<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">p <sub>2<\/sub> = 0,46 (\u0442.\u0435. 46 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 100 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c 95% \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#input sample sizes and sample proportions\n<\/span>n1 &lt;- 100\np1 &lt;- .62\n\nn2 &lt;- 100\np2 &lt;- .46<span style=\"color: #008080;\">\n\n#calculate margin of error\n<\/span>margin &lt;- qnorm(0.975)*sqrt(p1*(1-p1)\/n1 + p2*(1-p2)\/n2)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate lower and upper bounds of confidence interval\n<\/span>low &lt;- (p1-p2) - margin\nlow\n\n[1] 0.02364509\n\n\nhigh &lt;- (p1-p2) + margin\nhigh\n\n[1] 0.2963549\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">95% \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 <strong>[0,024, 0,296]<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>\u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e R \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c .<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0435: \u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b = (\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430) +\/- (\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435)* (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430) \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b = [\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-11"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0432 R (\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0432 R, \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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