{"id":1864,"date":"2023-07-24T16:39:05","date_gmt":"2023-07-24T16:39:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/th\/%e0%b9%80%e0%b8%82%e0%b9%89%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%aa%e0%b8%b9%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b0%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b9%8c\/"},"modified":"2023-07-24T16:39:05","modified_gmt":"2023-07-24T16:39:05","slug":"%e0%b9%80%e0%b8%82%e0%b9%89%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%aa%e0%b8%b9%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b0%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b9%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/th\/%e0%b9%80%e0%b8%82%e0%b9%89%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%aa%e0%b8%b9%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b0%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b9%8c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d r (\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n

\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1f\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e19 log()<\/strong> \u0e43\u0e19 R \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38:<\/span><\/p>\n

 #calculate log of 9 with base 3<\/span>\nlog(9, base=3)\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 R \u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07 e<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
 #calculate log of 9 with base e<\/em><\/span>\nlog(9)\n\n[1] 2.197225\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1f\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34<\/span><\/p>\n
 \u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 1: \u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
 \u0e23\u0e2b\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19 R \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19:<\/span><\/p>\n
 #calculate log of 100 with base e<\/em><\/span>\nlog(100)\n\n[1] 4.60517\n\n#calculate log of 100 with base 10\n<\/span>log(100, base=10)\n\n[1] 2\n\n#calculate log of 100 with base 3\n<\/span>log(100, base=3)\n\n[1] 4.191807\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 2: \u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e27\u0e01\u0e40\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e4c<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
 \u0e23\u0e2b\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e27\u0e01\u0e40\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19 R:<\/span><\/p>\n
 #definevector\nx <- c(3, 6, 12, 16, 28, 45)<\/span>\n\n#calculate log of each value in vector with base e<\/em><\/span>\nlog(x)\n\n[1] 1.098612 1.791759 2.484907 2.772589 3.332205 3.806662\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 3: \u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
 \u0e23\u0e2b\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e31\u0e21\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e43\u0e19 R:<\/span><\/p>\n
 #define data frame\ndf <- data. frame<\/span> (var1=c(1, 3, 3, 4, 5),\n                 var2=c(7, 7, 8, 3, 2),\n                 var3=c(3, 3, 6, 6, 8),\n                 var4=c(1, 1, 2, 8, 9))\n\n#calculate log of each value in 'var1' column\n<\/span>log(df$var1, base=10)<\/span>\n\n[1] 0.0000000 0.4771213 0.4771213 0.6020600 0.6989700\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e42\u0e04\u0e49\u0e14\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1f\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e19 sapply()<\/strong> \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e31\u0e21\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25:<\/span><\/p>\n
 #define data frame\ndf <- data. frame<\/span> (var1=c(1, 3, 3, 4, 5),\n                 var2=c(7, 7, 8, 3, 2),\n                 var3=c(3, 3, 6, 6, 8),\n                 var4=c(1, 1, 2, 8, 9))\n\n#calculate log of values in every column\n<\/span>sapply(df, function<\/span> (x) log(x, base=10))\n\n          var1 var2 var3 var4\n[1,] 0.0000000 0.8450980 0.4771213 0.0000000\n[2,] 0.4771213 0.8450980 0.4771213 0.0000000\n[3,] 0.4771213 0.9030900 0.7781513 0.3010300\n[4,] 0.6020600 0.4771213 0.7781513 0.9030900\n[5,] 0.6989700 0.3010300 0.9030900 0.9542425\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n
 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
 \u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e43\u0e19 R (Log, Square Root, Cube Root)<\/a>
 \u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1f\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e01\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19 R<\/a>
 \u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e04\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e32 antilogue \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19 R<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1f\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e19 log() \u0e43\u0e19 R \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1864","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19 R (\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07) - Statorials<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19 R \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1f\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e19 log() \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e46\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/th\/\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"th_TH\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19 R (\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07) - Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19 R \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1f\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e19 log() \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e46\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/th\/\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-24T16:39:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u0e14\u0e23.\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e08\u0e32\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e40\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e19\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u0e14\u0e23.\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e08\u0e32\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e40\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e19\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 \u0e19\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/th\/%e0%b9%80%e0%b8%82%e0%b9%89%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%aa%e0%b8%b9%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b0%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b9%8c\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/th\/%e0%b9%80%e0%b8%82%e0%b9%89%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%aa%e0%b8%b9%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b0%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b9%8c\/\",\"name\":\"\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19 R (\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07) - Statorials\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/th\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-24T16:39:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-24T16:39:05+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/th\/#\/schema\/person\/7c9bb3d0f799d0f1b17883495e1de332\"},\"description\":\"\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19 R \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1f\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e19 log() 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