{"id":1040,"date":"2023-07-27T21:26:27","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T21:26:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/toplama-yanliligi\/"},"modified":"2023-07-27T21:26:27","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T21:26:27","slug":"toplama-yanliligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/toplama-yanliligi\/","title":{"rendered":"Toplama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedir? (a\u00e7\u0131klama & \u00f6rnek)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n

Toplama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/span><\/strong> birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f verilerde g\u00f6zlemlenen e\u011filimlerin hatal\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bireysel veri noktalar\u0131na da uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu t\u00fcr \u00f6nyarg\u0131y\u0131 anlaman\u0131n en kolay yolu basit bir \u00f6rnek almakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6rnek: toplama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n belirli bir eyaletteki ortalama e\u011fitim y\u0131l\u0131 ile ortalama hane geliri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi anlamak istediklerini varsayal\u0131m. Eyaletteki 4 farkl\u0131 \u015fehir i\u00e7in toplu veriler elde ediyorlar ve ortalama e\u011fitim ile ortalama hane geliri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi hesapl\u0131yorlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ortalama e\u011fitim y\u0131l\u0131 ile ortalama hane geliri aras\u0131ndaki korelasyonun<\/a> 0,9632<\/strong> oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu \u00e7ok pozitif bir korelasyon katsay\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hatta ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, ortalama e\u011fitim y\u0131l\u0131 ile ortalama hane geliri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m grafi\u011fi bile olu\u015fturuyor:<\/span> <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda bireysel verilere bakmadan, daha uzun s\u00fcreli e\u011fitimin hane geliri ile g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir pozitif korelasyona sahip oldu\u011funu iddia eden bir rapor yay\u0131nlayabilirler.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ancak bir y\u0131l sonra yeni bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n geldi\u011fini ve ayn\u0131 \u015fehirlerdeki bireysel haneler hakk\u0131nda veri toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayal\u0131m. Verilerin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m grafi\u011fini olu\u015fturdu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m:<\/span> <\/p>\n

\"Toplama<\/p>\n

\u0130ki de\u011fi\u015fken aras\u0131ndaki korelasyonu hesapl\u0131yor ve bunun asl\u0131nda sadece 0,1788 oldu\u011funu buluyor; h\u00e2l\u00e2 pozitif bir korelasyon ama \u00f6nceki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n buldu\u011fu<\/span> korelasyon<\/strong> kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc de\u011fil<\/span> .<\/p>\n

Veriler topland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, e\u011fitim ile gelir aras\u0131nda bireysel d\u00fczeyde meydana gelen ger\u00e7ek e\u011filimi kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hatta da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m grafi\u011finde \u015fehir \u015fehir bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda e\u011fitim ile gelir aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki asl\u0131nda negatif!<\/span> <\/p>\n

\"\u0130statistiklerde<\/p>\n

Toplama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkileri<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Toplama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc toplu d\u00fczeyde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan e\u011filimlerin bireysel d\u00fczeyde de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi \u015feklindeki yanl\u0131\u015f bir varsay\u0131m s\u0131kl\u0131kla yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, \u00f6nceki \u00f6rnekte de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi durum her zaman b\u00f6yle de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toplama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f sonu\u00e7lara varmas\u0131na ve yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131na neden olabilir. Bu t\u00fcr bir \u00f6nyarg\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fkenler aras\u0131ndaki korelasyonlar s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda \u00f6zellikle zararl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130ki de\u011fi\u015fkenin toplu verileri aras\u0131ndaki korelasyon pozitif olsa bile, iki de\u011fi\u015fken aras\u0131ndaki bireysel g\u00f6zlem d\u00fczeyindeki temel korelasyon asl\u0131nda \u015fu \u015fekilde olabilir:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Negatif korelasyon<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Korelasyon yok<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Pozitif korelasyon<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Bu t\u00fcr \u00f6nyarg\u0131lardan ka\u00e7\u0131nman\u0131n yolu, iki de\u011fi\u015fken aras\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ek ili\u015fkiyi ke\u015ffedebilmeniz i\u00e7in veri noktalar\u0131n\u0131 toplamak yerine bireysel veri noktalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctmektir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Toplama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f verilerde g\u00f6zlemlenen e\u011filimlerin hatal\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bireysel veri noktalar\u0131na da uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu t\u00fcr \u00f6nyarg\u0131y\u0131 anlaman\u0131n en kolay yolu basit bir \u00f6rnek almakt\u0131r. \u00d6rnek: toplama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n belirli bir eyaletteki ortalama e\u011fitim y\u0131l\u0131 ile ortalama hane geliri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi anlamak istediklerini varsayal\u0131m. Eyaletteki 4 farkl\u0131 \u015fehir i\u00e7in toplu veriler elde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rehber"],"yoast_head":"\nToplama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedir? 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