{"id":1240,"date":"2023-07-27T04:23:20","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T04:23:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-bilesen-analizi\/"},"modified":"2023-07-27T04:23:20","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T04:23:20","slug":"rde-temel-bilesen-analizi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-bilesen-analizi\/","title":{"rendered":"R&#39;de temel bile\u015fen analizi: ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6rnek"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00c7o\u011funlukla PCA olarak k\u0131salt\u0131lan temel bile\u015fenler analizi, bir veri k\u00fcmesindeki varyasyonun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klayan temel bile\u015fenleri (orijinal tahmin edicilerin do\u011frusal kombinasyonlar\u0131) bulmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/denetimli-ve-denetimsiz-ogrenme\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">denetimsiz<\/a> bir makine \u00f6\u011frenme tekni\u011fidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">PCA&#8217;n\u0131n amac\u0131, bir veri setindeki de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fin \u00e7o\u011funu orijinal veri setinden daha az de\u011fi\u015fkenle a\u00e7\u0131klamakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>p<\/em> de\u011fi\u015fkenli belirli bir veri seti i\u00e7in, de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin her ikili kombinasyonunun da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m grafiklerini inceleyebiliriz, ancak da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m grafiklerinin say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde artabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>p<\/em> tahmincileri i\u00e7in p(p-1)\/2 nokta bulutlar\u0131 mevcuttur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Yani, p = 15 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcc\u00fcye sahip bir veri k\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in 105 farkl\u0131 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m grafi\u011fi olacakt\u0131r!<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Neyse ki PCA, verideki varyasyonun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar \u00e7o\u011funu yakalayan bir veri k\u00fcmesinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck boyutlu bir temsilini bulman\u0131n bir yolunu sunuyor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">E\u011fer varyasyonun \u00e7o\u011funu sadece iki boyutta yakalayabilirsek, orijinal veri setindeki t\u00fcm g\u00f6zlemleri basit bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m grafi\u011fine yans\u0131tabiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ana bile\u015fenleri bulma \u015feklimiz \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>P<\/em> <sub>tahmin ediciye<\/sub> <sub>sahip<\/sub> <sub>bir<\/sub> <sub>veri k\u00fcmesi<\/sub> <sub>verildi\u011finde<\/sub> <em>:<\/em> <em>_<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><sub>Z<\/sub> <sub>m<\/sub> <sub>=<\/sub> <sub>\u03a3\u03a6<\/sub> <sub>jm<\/sub> <sub>_<\/sub><\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Z <sub>1<\/sub> , m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar \u00e7ok varyans\u0131 yakalayan tahmin edicilerin do\u011frusal birle\u015fimidir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><sub>Z2,<\/sub> <sub>Z1&#8217;e<\/sub> <em>dik<\/em> (yani ili\u015fkisiz) iken en fazla varyans\u0131 yakalayan tahmin edicilerin bir sonraki do\u011frusal kombinasyonudur.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu durumda <sub>Z3,<\/sub> <sub>Z2&#8217;ye<\/sub> dik iken en fazla varyans\u0131 yakalayan tahmin edicilerin bir sonraki do\u011frusal kombinasyonudur.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ve benzeri.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Uygulamada, orijinal tahmin edicilerin do\u011frusal kombinasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 kullan\u0131r\u0131z:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1.<\/strong> De\u011fi\u015fkenlerin her birini ortalama 0 ve standart sapma 1 olacak \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2.<\/strong> \u00d6l\u00e7eklenen de\u011fi\u015fkenler i\u00e7in kovaryans matrisini hesaplay\u0131n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3.<\/strong> Kovaryans matrisinin \u00f6zde\u011ferlerini hesaplay\u0131n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Do\u011frusal cebir kullanarak, en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zde\u011fere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen \u00f6zvekt\u00f6r\u00fcn ilk temel bile\u015fen oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterebiliriz. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, yorday\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bu \u00f6zel kombinasyonu verilerdeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck varyans\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0130kinci en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zde\u011fere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen \u00f6zvekt\u00f6r ikinci temel bile\u015fendir ve bu \u015fekilde devam eder.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu e\u011fitimde, bu i\u015flemin R&#8217;de nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin ad\u0131m ad\u0131m bir \u00f6rnek sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1. Ad\u0131m: Verileri y\u00fckleyin<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0130lk \u00f6nce verileri g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek ve i\u015flemek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli yararl\u0131 i\u015flevler i\u00e7eren <strong>Tidyverse<\/strong> paketini y\u00fckleyece\u011fiz:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">library<\/span> (tidyverse)\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu \u00f6rnek i\u00e7in, 1973&#8217;te ABD&#8217;nin her eyaletinde 100.000 ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na <em>cinayet<\/em> , <em>sald\u0131r\u0131<\/em> ve <em>tecav\u00fcz<\/em> nedeniyle tutuklananlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren, R&#8217;de yerle\u015fik <em>USArrests<\/em> veri k\u00fcmesini kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ayn\u0131 zamanda her eyaletin kentsel alanlarda ya\u015fayan n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczdesini de i\u00e7erir <em>(UrbanPop)<\/em> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kod, veri k\u00fcmesinin ilk sat\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l y\u00fcklenip g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenece\u011fini g\u00f6sterir:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#load data<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">data<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">(\"USArrests\")<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view first six rows of data<\/span>\nhead(USArrests)\n\n           Murder Assault UrbanPop Rape\nAlabama 13.2 236 58 21.2\nAlaska 10.0 263 48 44.5\nArizona 8.1 294 80 31.0\nArkansas 8.8 190 50 19.5\nCalifornia 9.0 276 91 40.6\nColorado 7.9 204 78 38.7\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <strong>Ad\u0131m 2: Temel bile\u015fenleri hesaplay\u0131n<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Verileri y\u00fckledikten sonra, veri k\u00fcmesinin ana bile\u015fenlerini hesaplamak i\u00e7in R&#8217;nin yerle\u015fik fonksiyonu <strong>prcomp()&#8217;u<\/strong> kullanabiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Temel bile\u015fenler hesaplanmadan \u00f6nce veri k\u00fcmesindeki de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin her birinin ortalamas\u0131 0 ve standart sapmas\u0131 1 olacak \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00e7eklenmesi i\u00e7in <strong>\u00f6l\u00e7ek = DO\u011eRU<\/strong> belirtti\u011finizden emin olun.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ayr\u0131ca R&#8217;deki \u00f6zvekt\u00f6rlerin varsay\u0131lan olarak negatif y\u00f6nde oldu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n; bu nedenle i\u015faretleri tersine \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in -1 ile \u00e7arpaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate main components\n<\/span>results &lt;- prcomp(USArrests, scale = <span style=\"color: #008000;\">TRUE<\/span> )\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#reverse the signs\n<\/span>results$rotation &lt;- -1*results$rotation\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#display main components\n<\/span>results$rotation\n\n               PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4\nMurder 0.5358995 -0.4181809 0.3412327 -0.64922780\nAssault 0.5831836 -0.1879856 0.2681484 0.74340748\nUrbanPop 0.2781909 0.8728062 0.3780158 -0.13387773\nRape 0.5434321 0.1673186 -0.8177779 -0.08902432<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0130lk temel bile\u015fenin (PC1) cinayet, sald\u0131r\u0131 ve tecav\u00fcz i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek de\u011ferlere sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebiliyoruz, bu da bu temel bile\u015fenin bu de\u011fi\u015fkenlerdeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck varyasyonu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ayr\u0131ca ikinci temel bile\u015fenin (PC2) UrbanPop i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek bir de\u011fere sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebiliriz, bu da bu temel bile\u015fenin kentsel n\u00fcfusu vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Her durum i\u00e7in temel bile\u015fen puanlar\u0131n\u0131n <strong>results$x<\/strong> dosyas\u0131nda sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n. \u0130\u015faretleri tersine \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in bu puanlar\u0131 da -1 ile \u00e7arpaca\u011f\u0131z:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#reverse the signs of the scores\n<\/span>results$x &lt;- -1*results$x\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#display the first six scores\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">head(results$x)<\/span>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\n                  PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4\nAlabama 0.9756604 -1.1220012 0.43980366 -0.154696581\nAlaska 1.9305379 -1.0624269 -2.01950027 0.434175454\nArizona 1.7454429 0.7384595 -0.05423025 0.826264240\nArkansas -0.1399989 -1.1085423 -0.11342217 0.180973554\nCalifornia 2.4986128 1.5274267 -0.59254100 0.338559240\nColorado 1.4993407 0.9776297 -1.08400162 -0.001450164\n<\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <strong>Ad\u0131m 3: Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 biplot ile g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirin<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Daha sonra, veri k\u00fcmesindeki g\u00f6zlemlerin her birini eksen olarak birinci ve ikinci ana bile\u015fenleri kullanan bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m grafi\u011fine yans\u0131tan bir \u00e7izim olan bir <strong>\u00e7ift<\/strong> nokta olu\u015fturabiliriz:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Scale = 0<\/strong> de\u011ferinin \u00e7izimdeki oklar\u0131n y\u00fcklemeleri temsil edecek \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirilmesini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat edin.<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong>biplot(results, scale = <span style=\"color: #008000;\">0<\/span> )\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12281 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pca1.png\" alt=\"R'de Temel Bile\u015fen Analizi i\u00e7in Biplot\" width=\"465\" height=\"464\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00c7izimden, basit iki boyutlu bir uzayda temsil edilen 50 durumun her birini g\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Grafikte birbirine yak\u0131n olan durumlar, orijinal veri k\u00fcmesindeki de\u011fi\u015fkenlere g\u00f6re benzer veri modellerine sahiptir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ayr\u0131ca baz\u0131 eyaletlerin belirli su\u00e7larla di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde ili\u015fkilendirildi\u011fini de g\u00f6rebiliriz. \u00d6rne\u011fin olay \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcnde <em>Cinayet<\/em> de\u011fi\u015fkenine en yak\u0131n eyalet G\u00fcrcistan&#8217;d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Orijinal veri setinde cinayet oranlar\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu eyaletlere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda G\u00fcrcistan&#8217;\u0131n listenin ba\u015f\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliriz:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#display states with highest murder rates in original dataset<\/span>\nhead(USArrests[ <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">order<\/span> (-USArrests$Murder),])\n\n               Murder Assault UrbanPop Rape\nGeorgia 17.4 211 60 25.8\nMississippi 16.1 259 44 17.1\nFlorida 15.4 335 80 31.9\nLouisiana 15.4 249 66 22.2\nSouth Carolina 14.4 279 48 22.5\nAlabama 13.2 236 58 21.2<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Ad\u0131m 4: Her bir temel bile\u015fenin a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 varyans\u0131 bulun<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Her bir temel bile\u015fen taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanan orijinal veri setindeki toplam varyans\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kodu kullanabiliriz:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate total variance explained by each principal component\n<\/span>results$sdev^2 \/ <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">sum<\/span> (results$sdev^2)\n\n[1] 0.62006039 0.24744129 0.08914080 0.04335752\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sonu\u00e7lardan \u015funlar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyebiliriz:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0130lk temel bile\u015fen, veri k\u00fcmesindeki toplam varyans\u0131n <strong>%62&#8217;sini<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0130kinci temel bile\u015fen veri setindeki toplam varyans\u0131n <strong>%24,7&#8217;sini<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc temel bile\u015fen veri setindeki toplam varyans\u0131n <strong>%8,9&#8217;unu<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc temel bile\u015fen veri setindeki toplam varyans\u0131n <strong>%4,3&#8217;\u00fcn\u00fc<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ilk iki temel bile\u015fen verilerdeki toplam varyans\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu iyi bir i\u015faret \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6nceki iki noktal\u0131 grafik, orijinal verilerdeki g\u00f6zlemlerin her birini yaln\u0131zca ilk iki temel bile\u015feni hesaba katan bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m grafi\u011fine yans\u0131t\u0131yordu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu nedenle, birbirine benzer durumlar\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in biplottaki kal\u0131plar\u0131 incelemek ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ayr\u0131ca PCA sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in her bir ana bile\u015fen taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanan toplam varyans\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir grafik olan bir <strong>yama\u00e7 grafi\u011fi<\/strong> de olu\u015fturabiliriz:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate total variance explained by each principal component\n<\/span>var_explained = results$sdev^2 \/ <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">sum<\/span> (results$sdev^2)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create scree plot\n<\/span>qplot(c(1:4), var_explained) + \n  geom_line() + \n  xlab(\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Principal Component<\/span> \") + \n  ylab(\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Variance Explained<\/span> \") +\n  ggtitle(\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Scree Plot<\/span> \") +\n  ylim(0, 1)<\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12282 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pca2.png\" alt=\"R \u015feklindeki da\u011f ete\u011findeki arazi\" width=\"427\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Uygulamada temel bile\u015fen analizi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Uygulamada PCA en s\u0131k iki nedenden dolay\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1. Ke\u015fifsel Veri Analizi<\/strong> \u2013 Bir veri setini ilk kez ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken ve verilerdeki hangi g\u00f6zlemlerin birbirine en \u00e7ok benzedi\u011fini anlamak istedi\u011fimizde PCA&#8217;y\u0131 kullan\u0131r\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2. Temel Bile\u015fen Regresyonu<\/strong> \u2013 Daha sonra <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-bilesenler-regresyonu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">temel bile\u015fen regresyonunda<\/a> kullan\u0131labilecek temel bile\u015fenleri hesaplamak i\u00e7in PCA&#8217;y\u0131 da kullanabiliriz. Bu t\u00fcr regresyon genellikle bir veri setindeki tahminciler aras\u0131nda <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/coklu-baglanti-regresyonu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00e7oklu ba\u011flant\u0131<\/a> oldu\u011funda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu e\u011fitimde kullan\u0131lan R kodunun tamam\u0131n\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Statorials\/R-Guides\/blob\/main\/pca.R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">burada<\/a> bulabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c7o\u011funlukla PCA olarak k\u0131salt\u0131lan temel bile\u015fenler analizi, bir veri k\u00fcmesindeki varyasyonun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klayan temel bile\u015fenleri (orijinal tahmin edicilerin do\u011frusal kombinasyonlar\u0131) bulmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan denetimsiz bir makine \u00f6\u011frenme tekni\u011fidir. PCA&#8217;n\u0131n amac\u0131, bir veri setindeki de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fin \u00e7o\u011funu orijinal veri setinden daha az de\u011fi\u015fkenle a\u00e7\u0131klamakt\u0131r. p de\u011fi\u015fkenli belirli bir veri seti i\u00e7in, de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin her ikili kombinasyonunun da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rehber"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>R&#039;de Temel Bile\u015fen Analizi: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m \u00d6rnek<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bu e\u011fitimde, R&#039;de temel bile\u015fen analizinin nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin 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