{"id":1244,"date":"2023-07-27T04:03:40","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T04:03:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/k-rde-gruplama-anlamina-gelir\/"},"modified":"2023-07-27T04:03:40","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T04:03:40","slug":"k-rde-gruplama-anlamina-gelir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/k-rde-gruplama-anlamina-gelir\/","title":{"rendered":"R&#39;de k-ortalama k\u00fcmeleme: ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6rnek"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">K\u00fcmeleme, bir veri seti i\u00e7indeki <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/istatistikte-gozlem\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">g\u00f6zlem<\/a> <em>gruplar\u0131n\u0131<\/em> bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir makine \u00f6\u011frenme tekni\u011fidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ama\u00e7, her k\u00fcme i\u00e7indeki g\u00f6zlemlerin birbirine olduk\u00e7a benzer oldu\u011fu, farkl\u0131 k\u00fcmelerdeki g\u00f6zlemlerin ise birbirinden olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu k\u00fcmeleri bulmakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">K\u00fcmeleme bir <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/denetimli-ve-denetimsiz-ogrenme\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">denetimsiz \u00f6\u011frenme<\/a> bi\u00e7imidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc biz bir <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/degiskenleri-aciklayici-yanitlar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">yan\u0131t de\u011fi\u015fkeninin<\/a> de\u011ferini tahmin etmek yerine yaln\u0131zca bir veri k\u00fcmesi i\u00e7indeki yap\u0131y\u0131 bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">K\u00fcmeleme genellikle i\u015fletmelerin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bilgilere eri\u015fimi oldu\u011funda pazarlamada kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hane geliri<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ev b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hane Reisi Mesle\u011fi<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">En yak\u0131n kentsel alana uzakl\u0131k<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu bilgi mevcut oldu\u011funda k\u00fcmeleme, benzer olan ve belirli \u00fcr\u00fcnleri sat\u0131n alma veya belirli bir reklam t\u00fcr\u00fcne daha iyi yan\u0131t verme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek olan haneleri belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">K\u00fcmelemenin en yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imlerinden biri <strong>k-ortalama k\u00fcmelemesi<\/strong> olarak bilinir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>K-Means K\u00fcmelemesi nedir?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">K-ortalama k\u00fcmelemesi, bir veri k\u00fcmesindeki her g\u00f6zlemi <em>K<\/em> k\u00fcmesinden birine yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz bir tekniktir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nihai ama\u00e7, her k\u00fcme i\u00e7indeki g\u00f6zlemlerin birbirine olduk\u00e7a benzer oldu\u011fu, farkl\u0131 k\u00fcmelerdeki g\u00f6zlemlerin ise birbirinden olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu <em>K<\/em> k\u00fcmeye sahip olmakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Uygulamada, K-arac\u0131 k\u00fcmelemesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 kullan\u0131r\u0131z:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1. <em>K<\/em> i\u00e7in bir de\u011fer se\u00e7in.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00d6ncelikle veride ka\u00e7 tane k\u00fcme tan\u0131mlamak istedi\u011fimize karar vermemiz gerekiyor. \u00c7o\u011funlukla <em>K<\/em> i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 de\u011feri test etmemiz ve belirli bir problem i\u00e7in hangi say\u0131da k\u00fcmenin en anlaml\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 analiz etmemiz gerekir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2. Her g\u00f6zlemi rastgele olarak 1&#8217;den <em>K&#8217;ye<\/em> kadar bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 k\u00fcmesine atay\u0131n.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3. K\u00fcme atamalar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi durana kadar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki prosed\u00fcr\u00fc uygulay\u0131n.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Her <em>K<\/em> k\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in <em>k\u00fcmenin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k merkezini hesaplay\u0131n.<\/em> Bu basit\u00e7e <em>k&#8217;inci<\/em> k\u00fcmenin g\u00f6zlemleri i\u00e7in <em>p-<\/em> ortalama \u00f6zelliklerinin vekt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Her g\u00f6zlemi en yak\u0131n merkeze sahip k\u00fcmeye atay\u0131n. Burada <em>en yak\u0131n<\/em> , <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euclidean_distance#Squared_Euclidean_distance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00d6klid mesafesi<\/a> kullan\u0131larak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>K-R&#8217;de K\u00fcmeleme Anlam\u0131na Gelir<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki e\u011fitimde, R&#8217;de k-arac\u0131 k\u00fcmelemenin nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin ad\u0131m ad\u0131m bir \u00f6rnek sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Ad\u0131m 1: Gerekli paketleri y\u00fckleyin<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0130lk olarak, R&#8217;de k-means k\u00fcmelemesi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli yararl\u0131 i\u015flevler i\u00e7eren iki paket y\u00fckleyece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">library<\/span> (factoextra)\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">library<\/span> (cluster)<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2. Ad\u0131m: Verileri Y\u00fckleyin ve Haz\u0131rlay\u0131n<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu \u00f6rnek i\u00e7in, 1973&#8217;te her ABD eyaletinde 100.000 ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na <em>cinayet<\/em> , <em>sald\u0131r\u0131<\/em> ve <em>tecav\u00fcz<\/em> nedeniyle tutuklananlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca her eyaletin kentsel b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayan n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczdesini i\u00e7eren R&#8217;de yerle\u015fik <em>USArrests<\/em> veri k\u00fcmesini kullanaca\u011f\u0131z. alanlar. , <em>UrbanPop<\/em> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kod a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerin nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>USArrests<\/em> veri k\u00fcmesini y\u00fckle<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Eksik de\u011ferleri olan t\u00fcm sat\u0131rlar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131n<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Veri k\u00fcmesindeki her de\u011fi\u015fkeni ortalama 0 ve standart sapma 1 olacak \u015fekilde \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirin<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#load data<\/span>\ndf &lt;-USArrests\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#remove rows with missing values<\/span><\/strong>\n<strong>df &lt;- na. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">omitted<\/span> (df)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#scale each variable to have a mean of 0 and sd of 1<\/span><\/strong>\n<strong>df &lt;- scale(df)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view first six rows of dataset<\/span>\nhead(df)\n\n               Murder Assault UrbanPop Rape\nAlabama 1.24256408 0.7828393 -0.5209066 -0.003416473\nAlaska 0.50786248 1.1068225 -1.2117642 2.484202941\nArizona 0.07163341 1.4788032 0.9989801 1.042878388\nArkansas 0.23234938 0.2308680 -1.0735927 -0.184916602\nCalifornia 0.27826823 1.2628144 1.7589234 2.067820292\nColorado 0.02571456 0.3988593 0.8608085 1.864967207\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Ad\u0131m 3: En uygun k\u00fcme say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bulun<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">R&#8217;de k-means k\u00fcmelemesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki s\u00f6zdizimini kullanan yerle\u015fik <strong>kmeans()<\/strong> i\u015flevini kullanabiliriz:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>kmeans (veriler, merkezler, nstart)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Alt\u0131n:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>veri:<\/strong> Veri k\u00fcmesinin ad\u0131.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>merkezler:<\/strong> <em>k<\/em> ile g\u00f6sterilen k\u00fcme say\u0131s\u0131.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>nstart:<\/strong> ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 konfig\u00fcrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131. Farkl\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 k\u00fcmelerinin farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fundan, birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 konfig\u00fcrasyonunun kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 tavsiye edilir. K-means algoritmas\u0131, k\u00fcme i\u00e7indeki en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck varyasyona yol a\u00e7an ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 konfig\u00fcrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 bulacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ka\u00e7 k\u00fcmenin optimal oldu\u011funu \u00f6nceden bilmedi\u011fimizden, karar vermemize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek iki farkl\u0131 grafik olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131z:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1. Kareler toplam\u0131na g\u00f6re k\u00fcme say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0130lk olarak, k\u00fcme say\u0131s\u0131 ile kareler toplam\u0131 toplam\u0131n\u0131n grafi\u011fini olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in <strong>fviz_nbclust()<\/strong> i\u015flevini kullanaca\u011f\u0131z:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong>fviz_nbclust(df, kmeans, method = \u201c <span style=\"color: #008000;\">wss<\/span> \u201d)<\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12310 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/kmmoyenne1.png\" alt=\"K-ortalamal\u0131 k\u00fcmelemede optimum k\u00fcme say\u0131s\u0131\" width=\"444\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tipik olarak, bu t\u00fcr bir \u00e7izim olu\u015fturdu\u011fumuzda, karelerin toplam\u0131n\u0131n &#8220;b\u00fck\u00fclmeye&#8221; veya d\u00fczle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir &#8220;diz&#8221; arar\u0131z. Bu genellikle optimum k\u00fcme say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu grafik i\u00e7in k = 4 k\u00fcmede k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00fck\u00fclme veya &#8220;b\u00fck\u00fclme&#8221; oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2. K\u00fcme say\u0131s\u0131 ve bo\u015fluk istatistikleri<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Optimum k\u00fcme say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirlemenin bir ba\u015fka yolu <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/web.stanford.edu\/~hastie\/Papers\/gap.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">, sapma istatisti\u011fi<\/a> ad\u0131 verilen ve farkl\u0131 k de\u011ferleri i\u00e7in toplam k\u00fcme i\u00e7i varyasyonu, k\u00fcmelenme olmayan bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m i\u00e7in beklenen de\u011ferleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm kullanmakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>K\u00fcme<\/em> paketindeki <strong>clusGap()<\/strong> i\u015flevini kullanarak her k\u00fcme say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in bo\u015fluk istatisti\u011fini hesaplayabilir, ayr\u0131ca <strong>fviz_gap_stat()<\/strong> i\u015flevini kullanarak k\u00fcmeleri bo\u015fluk istatistiklerine g\u00f6re \u00e7izebiliriz:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate gap statistic based on number of clusters\n<\/span>gap_stat &lt;- clusGap(df,\n                    FUN = kmeans,\n                    nstart = 25,\n                    K.max = 10,\n                    B = 50)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#plot number of clusters vs. gap statistic\n<\/span>fviz_gap_stat(gap_stat)<\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12311 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/moyenne-km2.png\" alt=\"Optimum k\u00fcme say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in sapma istatisti\u011fi\" width=\"454\" height=\"445\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Grafikten bo\u015fluk istatisti\u011finin k = 4 k\u00fcmede en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebiliriz, bu da daha \u00f6nce kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z dirsek y\u00f6ntemine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Ad\u0131m 4: Optimal <em>K<\/em> ile K-Means K\u00fcmelemesini Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirin<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Son olarak, <em>k<\/em> 4&#8217;\u00fcn optimal de\u011ferini kullanarak veri k\u00fcmesi \u00fczerinde k-ortalama k\u00fcmelemesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebiliriz:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#make this example reproducible\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">set.seed(1)<\/span>\n\n#perform k-means clustering with k = 4 clusters\n<\/span>km &lt;- kmeans(df, centers = 4, nstart = 25)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view results\n<\/span>km\n\nK-means clustering with 4 clusters of sizes 16, 13, 13, 8\n\nCluster means:\n      Murder Assault UrbanPop Rape\n1 -0.4894375 -0.3826001 0.5758298 -0.26165379\n2 -0.9615407 -1.1066010 -0.9301069 -0.96676331\n3 0.6950701 1.0394414 0.7226370 1.27693964\n4 1.4118898 0.8743346 -0.8145211 0.01927104\n\nVector clustering:\n       Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado \n             4 3 3 4 3 3 \n   Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho \n             1 1 3 4 1 2 \n      Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana \n             3 1 2 1 2 4 \n         Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi \n             2 3 1 3 2 4 \n      Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey \n             3 2 2 3 2 1 \n    New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma \n             3 3 4 2 1 1 \n        Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee \n             1 1 1 4 2 4 \n         Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia \n             3 1 2 1 1 2 \n     Wisconsin Wyoming \n             2 1 \n\nWithin cluster sum of squares by cluster:\n[1] 16.212213 11.952463 19.922437 8.316061\n (between_SS \/ total_SS = 71.2%)\n\nAvailable components:\n\n[1] \"cluster\" \"centers\" \"totss\" \"withinss\" \"tot.withinss\" \"betweenss\"   \n[7] \"size\" \"iter\" \"ifault\"         \n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sonu\u00e7lardan \u015funu g\u00f6rebiliriz:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0130lk k\u00fcmeye <b>16<\/b> eyalet atand\u0131<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0130kinci k\u00fcmeye <strong>13<\/strong> eyalet atand\u0131<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u00fcmeye <strong>13<\/strong> eyalet atand\u0131<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u00fcmeye <b>8<\/b> eyalet atand\u0131<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>fivz_cluster()<\/strong> i\u015flevini kullanarak eksenlerdeki ilk iki ana bile\u015feni g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyen bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m grafi\u011finde k\u00fcmeleri g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirebiliriz:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#plot results of final k-means model\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">fviz_cluster(km, data = df)\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12313 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/kmmoyenne4.png\" alt=\"K-R'de k\u00fcmelenme grafi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir\" width=\"475\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Her k\u00fcmedeki de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in <strong>Aggregate()<\/strong> i\u015flevini de kullanabiliriz:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find means of each cluster\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">aggregate(USArrests, by= <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">list<\/span> (cluster=km$cluster), mean)\n\ncluster Murder Assault UrbanPop Rape\n\t\t\t\t\n1 3.60000 78.53846 52.07692 12.17692\n2 10.81538 257.38462 76.00000 33.19231\n3 5.65625 138.87500 73.87500 18.78125\n4 13.93750 243.62500 53.75000 21.41250\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde yorumluyoruz:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Grup 1 eyaletlerinde 100.000 vatanda\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen ortalama cinayet say\u0131s\u0131 <strong>3,6&#8217;d\u0131r<\/strong> .<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Grup 1 eyaletlerinde 100.000 vatanda\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na ortalama sald\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 <strong>78,5&#8217;tir<\/strong> .<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Grup 1 eyaletlerinde kentsel alanda ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n ortalama y\u00fczdesi <b>%52,1&#8217;dir<\/b> .<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Grup 1 eyaletlerinde 100.000 vatanda\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na ortalama tecav\u00fcz say\u0131s\u0131 <strong>12,2&#8217;dir<\/strong> <strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ve benzeri.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ayr\u0131ca her bir durumun k\u00fcme atamalar\u0131n\u0131 orijinal veri k\u00fcmesine ekleyebiliriz:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#add cluster assignment to original data\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">final_data &lt;- cbind(USArrests, cluster = km$cluster)\n<\/span>\n#view final data\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">head(final_data)\n\n\t<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Murder Assault UrbanPop<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rape<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">cluster\n\t\t\t\t\nAlabama<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">13.2<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">236 58<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">21.2<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">4\nAlaska<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">10.0 263 48<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">44.5<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">2\nArizona<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">8.1 294 80<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">31.0<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">2\nArkansas<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">8.8 190 50<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">19.5<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">4\nCalifornia<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">9.0 276 91<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">40.6<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">2\nColorado<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">7.9 204 78<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">38.7<\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">2\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>K-Means K\u00fcmelemesinin Avantajlar\u0131 ve Dezavantajlar\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">K-means k\u00fcmelemesi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki avantajlar\u0131 sunar:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">H\u0131zl\u0131 bir algoritmad\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">B\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmelerini iyi bir \u015fekilde i\u015fleyebilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ancak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki potansiyel dezavantajlara sahiptir:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu, algoritmay\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce k\u00fcme say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirtmemizi gerektirir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011ferlere kar\u015f\u0131 duyarl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">K-ortalama k\u00fcmelemenin iki alternatifi, <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rdeki-k-medoidler\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">k-ortalama k\u00fcmeleme<\/a> ve hiyerar\u015fik k\u00fcmelemedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu \u00f6rnekte kullan\u0131lan R kodunun tamam\u0131n\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Statorials\/R-Guides\/blob\/main\/k_means.R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">burada<\/a> bulabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>K\u00fcmeleme, bir veri seti i\u00e7indeki g\u00f6zlem gruplar\u0131n\u0131 bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir makine \u00f6\u011frenme tekni\u011fidir. Ama\u00e7, her k\u00fcme i\u00e7indeki g\u00f6zlemlerin birbirine olduk\u00e7a benzer oldu\u011fu, farkl\u0131 k\u00fcmelerdeki g\u00f6zlemlerin ise birbirinden olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu k\u00fcmeleri bulmakt\u0131r. K\u00fcmeleme bir denetimsiz \u00f6\u011frenme bi\u00e7imidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc biz bir yan\u0131t de\u011fi\u015fkeninin de\u011ferini tahmin etmek yerine yaln\u0131zca bir veri k\u00fcmesi i\u00e7indeki yap\u0131y\u0131 bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz. K\u00fcmeleme [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rehber"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>R&#039;de K-Ortalama K\u00fcmeleme: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m \u00d6rnek - Statorials<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bu e\u011fitimde, R&#039;de k-means k\u00fcmelemesinin nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin ad\u0131m ad\u0131m bir \u00f6rnek sunulmaktad\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/k-rde-gruplama-anlamina-gelir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R&#039;de K-Ortalama K\u00fcmeleme: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m \u00d6rnek - 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