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Do\u011frulama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/strong> bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n verileri,<\/span> pop\u00fclasyonun baz\u0131 \u00fcyelerinin \u00f6rne\u011fe dahil edilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek olaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde topland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/span><\/p>\n Bu , hedef kitleyi temsil etmeyen<\/a> \u00f6rneklerle sonu\u00e7lanabilir ve \u00f6rnekten elde edilen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n evrene genelle\u015ftirilmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131rabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n Farkl\u0131 ba\u011flamlarda do\u011frulama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir:<\/span><\/p>\n 1. Hastal\u0131k yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n belirli bir \u00fclkedeki bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek istediklerini varsayal\u0131m. Veri toplamak i\u00e7in \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki insanlardan en yak\u0131n hastaneye gitmelerini ve hastal\u0131k i\u00e7in test yapt\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 istiyorlar.<\/span><\/p>\n Do\u011frulama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 muhtemeldir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc daha zengin olan ve hastaneye gitme \u015fans\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek olan\/hastane bulunan bir b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan sakinlerin test yapt\u0131rma olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 daha y\u00fcksektir. Bu, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu \u00fclkedeki yoksul n\u00fcfusa k\u0131yasla zengin n\u00fcfuslarda muhtemelen \u00e7ok daha yayg\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnece\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/span><\/p>\n Ancak bu sonu\u00e7 yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc varl\u0131kl\u0131 sakinlerin \u00f6rnek verilere dahil edilme olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n 2. Vergi art\u0131\u015flar\u0131na destek<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Bir okul y\u00f6netim kurulunun, okul spor tak\u0131mlar\u0131na daha fazla fon sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla vergilerin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 destekleyecek okul b\u00f6lgesindeki hanelerin oran\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek istedi\u011fini varsayal\u0131m. Veri toplamak i\u00e7in Cuma gecesi okul futbolu ma\u00e7\u0131nda ebeveynlerle r\u00f6portaj yapacaklar.<\/span><\/p>\n Ma\u00e7taki ebeveynlerin muhtemelen futbol tak\u0131m\u0131nda olan bir \u00e7ocu\u011fu olmas\u0131 nedeniyle do\u011frulama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 muhtemeldir, bu da okul b\u00f6lgesindeki tipik hane halk\u0131na g\u00f6re vergi art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 destekleme olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. .<\/span><\/p>\n Bu, vergi art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen ankete kat\u0131lan hanelerin oran\u0131n\u0131n, bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak n\u00fcfustaki vergi art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen hanelerin oran\u0131yla e\u015fle\u015fme ihtimalinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/span><\/p>\n Do\u011frulama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemenin en basit yolu, pop\u00fclasyonun her bir \u00fcyesine \u00f6rne\u011fe dahil edilme konusunda e\u015fit \u015fans veren bir \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi<\/a> kullanmakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Uygun numune alma y\u00f6ntemlerinin \u00f6rnekleri \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/span><\/p>\n Bu y\u00f6ntemlerin her birinde, pop\u00fclasyonun belirli bir \u00fcyesinin \u00f6rne\u011fe dahil edilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fittir.<\/span><\/p>\n Bu, bu y\u00f6ntemlerin her birinin, elde edilen numunenin hedef pop\u00fclasyonu temsil etme \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 maksimuma \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. B\u00f6ylece \u00f6rneklemden elde edilen sonu\u00e7lar genel pop\u00fclasyona g\u00fcvenle genelle\u015ftirilebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki e\u011fitimlerde ara\u015ft\u0131rmada olu\u015fabilecek di\u011fer \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 verilmektedir:<\/span><\/p>\n Do\u011frulama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n verileri, pop\u00fclasyonun baz\u0131 \u00fcyelerinin \u00f6rne\u011fe dahil edilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek olaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde topland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu , hedef kitleyi temsil etmeyen \u00f6rneklerle sonu\u00e7lanabilir ve \u00f6rnekten elde edilen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n evrene genelle\u015ftirilmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Do\u011frulama \u00d6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 \u00d6rnekleri Farkl\u0131 ba\u011flamlarda do\u011frulama yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir: 1. Hastal\u0131k yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n belirli bir \u00fclkedeki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rehber"],"yoast_head":"\n Do\u011frulama \u00d6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 \u00d6rnekleri<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00d6nyarg\u0131 do\u011frulamas\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00f6nlenir?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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Ek kaynaklar<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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