{"id":1531,"date":"2023-07-26T00:18:41","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T00:18:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/normallik-hipotezi\/"},"modified":"2023-07-26T00:18:41","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T00:18:41","slug":"normallik-hipotezi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/normallik-hipotezi\/","title":{"rendered":"I\u0307statistikte normallik varsay\u0131m\u0131 nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bir\u00e7ok istatistiksel test <strong>normallik varsay\u0131m\u0131<\/strong> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u015feye dayan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu hipotez, bir pop\u00fclasyondan \u00e7ok say\u0131da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z rastgele \u00f6rnek toplarsak ve ilgilenilen bir de\u011feri ( <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/populasyon-ortalamasiyla-karsilastirildiginda-ornek-ortalamasi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00f6rnek ortalamas\u0131<\/a> gibi) hesaplarsak, ard\u0131ndan \u00f6rnek ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir histogram olu\u015fturursak, m\u00fckemmel bir <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/can-egrisi-excel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00e7an e\u011frisi<\/a> g\u00f6zlemlememiz gerekti\u011fini belirtir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler de dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok istatistiksel teknik verilerle ilgili bu varsay\u0131m\u0131 yapar:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/ornek-t-testi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tek \u00f6rnek t testi<\/a> : \u00d6rnek verilerin normal da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/iki-orneginizi-test-edin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0130ki \u00f6rnekli t testi<\/a> : \u0130ki \u00f6rne\u011fin normal da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/tek-yonlu-anova\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ANOVA<\/a> : Model art\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n normal da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>4.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/dogrusal-regresyon-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Do\u011frusal regresyon<\/a> : Model art\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n normal da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu varsay\u0131m kar\u015f\u0131lanmazsa, bu testlerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00fcvenilmez hale gelir ve veri \u00f6rneklerinden elde etti\u011fimiz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 genel <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/populasyon-ve-ornek\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pop\u00fclasyona<\/a> g\u00fcvenle genelle\u015ftiremeyiz. Bu nedenle bu hipotezin kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131p kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek \u00f6nemlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu normallik varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131p kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmenin iki yayg\u0131n yolu vard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1. Normalli\u011fi g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirin<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2. Resmi bir istatistiksel test yap\u0131n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde olu\u015fturabilece\u011finiz belirli grafikler ve normalli\u011fi kontrol etmek i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilece\u011finiz belirli istatistiksel testler a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Normalli\u011fi g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirin<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bir veri k\u00fcmesinin normal \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131l\u0131p da\u011f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmenin h\u0131zl\u0131 ve resmi olmayan bir yolu, bir histogram veya QQ grafi\u011fi olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1. Histogram<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bir veri k\u00fcmesinin histogram\u0131 kabaca \u00e7an \u015feklindeyse, verilerin normal \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 muhtemeldir.<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15189 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/normaliteassume1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2.QQLand<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">QQ grafi\u011fi, &#8220;y\u00fczdelik-y\u00fczdelik&#8221; kelimesinin k\u0131saltmas\u0131d\u0131r, x ekseni boyunca teorik y\u00fczdelik dilimleri (yani, normal bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m izleseydi verilerinizin olaca\u011f\u0131 yer) ve y ekseni boyunca \u00f6rneklerin y\u00fczdelik dilimlerini g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyen bir grafik t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. (yani verilerinizin ger\u00e7ekte bulundu\u011fu yer).<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Veri de\u011ferleri 45 derecelik bir a\u00e7\u0131 olu\u015fturan kabaca d\u00fcz bir \u00e7izgi izliyorsa verilerin normal da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15190 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/normaliteassume2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"391\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Resmi bir istatistiksel test ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirin<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bir veri k\u00fcmesinin normal \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131l\u0131p da\u011f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in resmi bir istatistiksel test de yapabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Testin <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/p-degerleri-istatistiksel-anlamlilik\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">p de\u011feri<\/a> belirli bir anlaml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeyinin alt\u0131ndaysa (\u03b1 = 0,05 gibi), bu durumda verilerin normal <em>da\u011f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/em> s\u00f6ylemek i\u00e7in yeterli kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131z vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Normalli\u011fi test etmek i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 istatistiksel test vard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1. Jarque-Bera testi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/jarque-excel-testi-olacak\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Excel&#8217;de Jarque-Bera Testi Nas\u0131l Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-jarque-bera-testi-nasil-yapilir\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">R&#8217;de Jarque-Bera testi nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/jarque-test-pitonu-olacak\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Python&#8217;da Jarque-Bera testi nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2. Shapiro-Wilk testi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/shapiro-wilk-testi-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">R&#8217;de Shapiro-Wilk testi nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/shapiro-wilk-testi-pitonu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Python&#8217;da Shapiro-Wilk Testi Nas\u0131l Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3. Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/kolmogorov-smirnov-excel-testi\/\">Excel&#8217;de Kolmogorov-Smirnov Testi Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/kolmogorov-smirnov-testi-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">R&#8217;de Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/kolmogorov-smirnov-test-pitonu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Python&#8217;da Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Normallik varsay\u0131m\u0131 ihlal edilirse ne yap\u0131lmal\u0131?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Verilerinizin normal \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa iki se\u00e7ene\u011finiz vard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1. Verileri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcn.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bir se\u00e7enek, verileri daha normal bir \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lacak \u015fekilde <em>d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmektir<\/em> . Yayg\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>G\u00fcnl\u00fck D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/strong> Verileri y&#8217;den <strong>log(y)&#8217;<\/strong> ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcn.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Karek\u00f6k d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/strong> verileri y&#8217;den <strong><span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">\u221ay&#8217;ye<\/span><\/strong> d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcn<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>K\u00fcp k\u00f6k d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/strong> Verileri y&#8217;den <strong>y <sup>1\/3&#8217;e<\/sup><\/strong> d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcn<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Box-Cox D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rye-box-cox-donusumu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Box-Cox prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc<\/a> kullanarak verileri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcn<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesiyle veri de\u011ferlerinin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 genel olarak daha normal da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hale gelir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2. Parametrik olmayan bir test ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirin<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Normallik varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapan istatistiksel testlere <em>parametrik testler<\/em> denir. Ancak bu normallik varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirmeyen <em>, parametrik olmayan<\/em> testler olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir aile de vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Verilerinizin normal \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa parametrik olmayan bir test yapabilirsiniz. Yayg\u0131n istatistiksel testlerin parametrik olmayan baz\u0131 versiyonlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Parametrik test<\/strong><\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Parametrik olmayan e\u015fde\u011fer<\/strong><\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00d6rnek bir t testi<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00d6rnek bir Wilcoxon imzal\u0131 s\u0131ralama testi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0130ki \u00f6rnekli t testi<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/mann-whitney-seni-test-ediyor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mann-Whitney U testi<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">E\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00f6rnekler t testi<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/wilcoxon-isaret-siralamasi-testi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wilcoxon imzal\u0131 s\u0131ralama testinin iki \u00f6rne\u011fi<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc ANOVA<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/kruskal-wallis-testi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kruskal-Wallis testi<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu parametrik olmayan testlerin her biri, normallik varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamadan istatistiksel bir testin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lar.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Ek kaynaklar<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/hipotezleri-test-etmek\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">T testinde form\u00fcle edilen d\u00f6rt hipotez<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/dogrusal-regresyon-varsayimlari\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Do\u011frusal regresyonun d\u00f6rt varsay\u0131m\u0131<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/danova-hipotezleri\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ANOVA&#8217;n\u0131n d\u00f6rt hipotezi<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bir\u00e7ok istatistiksel test normallik varsay\u0131m\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u015feye dayan\u0131r. Bu hipotez, bir pop\u00fclasyondan \u00e7ok say\u0131da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z rastgele \u00f6rnek toplarsak ve ilgilenilen bir de\u011feri ( \u00f6rnek ortalamas\u0131 gibi) hesaplarsak, ard\u0131ndan \u00f6rnek ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir histogram olu\u015fturursak, m\u00fckemmel bir \u00e7an e\u011frisi g\u00f6zlemlememiz gerekti\u011fini belirtir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler de dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok istatistiksel teknik verilerle ilgili bu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rehber"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0130statistikte normallik varsay\u0131m\u0131 nedir?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bu e\u011fitimde istatistikteki normallik varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bir tan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6rnekleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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