\u00c7o\u011fu durumda bu t\u00fcr \u00e7izim, bir veri k\u00fcmesinin normal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ma uyup uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Veriler normal olarak da\u011f\u0131l\u0131yorsa, QQ grafi\u011findeki noktalar d\u00fcz bir \u00e7apraz \u00e7izgi \u00fczerinde yer alacakt\u0131r.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Tersine, grafikteki noktalar d\u00fcz bir \u00e7apraz \u00e7izgiden ne kadar belirgin bi\u00e7imde saparsa, veri setinin normal bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m izleme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da o kadar az olur.<\/span><\/p>\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnekler normalli\u011fi kontrol etmek i\u00e7in R’de QQ grafiklerinin nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/span><\/p>\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kod, 200 g\u00f6zlemle<\/a> normal \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir veri k\u00fcmesinin nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve R’deki veri k\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in bir QQ grafi\u011finin nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir:<\/span> <\/p>\n Noktalar\u0131n esas olarak d\u00fcz \u00e7apraz \u00e7izgi boyunca uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve her bir kuyruk boyunca baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sapmalar oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n Bu grafi\u011fe dayanarak, bu veri k\u00fcmesinin normal da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rahatl\u0131kla varsayabiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kod, 200 g\u00f6zlemle \u00fcstel bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m izleyen bir veri k\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in QQ grafi\u011finin nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir:<\/span> <\/p>\n Noktalar\u0131n diyagonal \u00e7izgiden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a veri setinin normal da\u011f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/span><\/p>\n Verilerin \u00fcstel bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m izlemesi gerekti\u011fini belirtti\u011fimiz g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu mant\u0131kl\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n QQ grafiklerinin, bir veri k\u00fcmesinin normal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ma uyup uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rsel olarak<\/em> kontrol etmenin bir yolu oldu\u011funa dikkat edilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n Normalli\u011fi g\u00f6rsel olarak kontrol etmenin ba\u015fka bir yolu da veri setinin histogram\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r. Veriler histogramda yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak \u00e7an e\u011frisi \u015feklini takip ediyorsa, veri setinin normal da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayabiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00f6nceden normal \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan veri seti i\u00e7in histogram\u0131n nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/span> <\/p>\n \u00dcstel bir \u00f6nsel da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m izleyen veri k\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in bir histogram\u0131n nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/span> <\/p>\n Histogram\u0131n hi\u00e7 de \u00e7an e\u011frisine benzemedi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz, bu da verilerin normal bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m izlemedi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6steriyor.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \u0130statistikte normallik varsay\u0131m\u0131 nedir?<\/a> Bir veri k\u00fcmesinin potansiyel olarak teorik bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mdan gelip gelmedi\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in “kantil-nicelik” kelimesinin k\u0131saltmas\u0131 olan bir QQ grafi\u011fi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu durumda bu t\u00fcr \u00e7izim, bir veri k\u00fcmesinin normal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ma uyup uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Veriler normal olarak da\u011f\u0131l\u0131yorsa, QQ grafi\u011findeki noktalar d\u00fcz bir \u00e7apraz \u00e7izgi \u00fczerinde yer alacakt\u0131r. Tersine, grafikteki noktalar d\u00fcz bir \u00e7apraz […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1898","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rehber"],"yoast_head":"\n \u00d6rnek 1: Normal veriler i\u00e7in QQ grafi\u011fi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
#make this example reproducible\n<\/span>set. seeds<\/span> (1)\n\n#create some fake data that follows a normal distribution\n<\/span>data <- rnorm(200)\n\n#create QQ plot\n<\/span>qqnorm(data)\nqqline(data)\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/qqnorm1.png\")
<\/p>\n \u00d6rnek 2: Normal olmayan veriler i\u00e7in QQ grafi\u011fi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
#make this example reproducible\n<\/span>set. seeds<\/span> (1)\n\n#create some fake data that follows an exponential distribution\n<\/span>data <- rexp(200, rate=3)\n\n#create QQ plot\n<\/span>qqnorm(data)\nqqline(data)\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/qqnorm2.png\")
<\/p>\n QQ grafikleri ve histogramlar\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
#make this example reproducible\n<\/span>set. seeds<\/span> (1)\n\n#create some fake data that follows a normal distribution\n<\/span>data <- rnorm(200)\n\n#create a histogram to visualize the distribution<\/span>\nhist(data)<\/strong> <\/pre>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/qqnorm3.png\")
<\/p>\n #make this example reproducible\n<\/span>set. seeds<\/span> (1)\n\n#create some fake data that follows an exponential distribution\n<\/span>data <- rexp(200, rate=3)\n\n#create a histogram to visualize the distribution<\/span>\nhist(data)<\/strong> <\/pre>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/qqnorm4.png\")
<\/p>\n Ek kaynaklar<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
R’de QQ grafi\u011fi nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulur<\/a>
Excel’de QQ Grafi\u011fi Nas\u0131l Olu\u015fturulur<\/a>
Python’da QQ Grafi\u011fi Nas\u0131l Olu\u015fturulur<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"