{"id":2235,"date":"2023-07-23T03:34:09","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T03:34:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-kural\/"},"modified":"2023-07-23T03:34:09","modified_gmt":"2023-07-23T03:34:09","slug":"rde-temel-kural","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-kural\/","title":{"rendered":"R&#39;de temel kural nas\u0131l uygulan\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bazen 68-95-99,7 kural\u0131 olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan <b>temel kural<\/b> , normal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ma sahip belirli bir veri seti i\u00e7in \u015funlar\u0131 belirtir:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Veri de\u011ferlerinin <b>%68&#8217;i<\/b> ortalaman\u0131n bir standart sapmas\u0131 dahilindedir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Veri de\u011ferlerinin <b>%95&#8217;i<\/b> ortalaman\u0131n iki standart sapmas\u0131 dahilindedir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Veri de\u011ferlerinin <b>%99,7&#8217;si<\/b> ortalaman\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 standart sapmas\u0131 dahilindedir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu derste, R&#8217;deki temel kural\u0131n belirli bir veri k\u00fcmesine nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>R&#8217;de temel kural\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">R&#8217;deki <strong>pnorm()<\/strong> i\u015flevi, normal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n k\u00fcm\u00fclatif yo\u011funluk fonksiyonunun de\u011ferini d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu i\u015flev a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki temel s\u00f6zdizimini kullan\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>pnorm(q, ortalama, sd)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Alt\u0131n:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>q<\/strong> : normal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 rastgele de\u011fi\u015fken de\u011feri<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ortalama<\/strong> : ortalama da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>sd<\/strong> : da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n standart sapmas\u0131<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00c7e\u015fitli standart sapmalar aras\u0131nda kalan normal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m e\u011frisinin alt\u0131ndaki alan\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki s\u00f6zdizimini kullanabiliriz:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find area under normal curve within 1 standard deviation of mean<\/span>\npnorm(1) - pnorm(-1)\n\n[1] 0.6826895\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find area under normal curve within 2 standard deviations of mean<\/span> \npnorm(2) - pnorm(-2)\n\n[1] 0.9544997\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find area under normal curve within 3 standard deviations of mean<\/span> \npnorm(3) - pnorm(-3)\n\n[1] 0.9973002\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sonu\u00e7tan \u015funu do\u011frulayabiliriz:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Veri de\u011ferlerinin <b>%68&#8217;i<\/b> ortalaman\u0131n bir standart sapmas\u0131 dahilindedir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Veri de\u011ferlerinin <b>%95&#8217;i<\/b> ortalaman\u0131n iki standart sapmas\u0131 dahilindedir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Veri de\u011ferlerinin <b>%99,7&#8217;si<\/b> ortalaman\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 standart sapmas\u0131 dahilindedir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnekler pratikte farkl\u0131 veri k\u00fcmeleriyle temel kural\u0131n nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00d6rnek 1: Ampirik Kural\u0131n R&#8217;deki Veri K\u00fcmesine Uygulanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ortalamas\u0131 <strong>7<\/strong> ve standart sapmas\u0131 <strong>2,2<\/strong> olan normal da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir veri setimiz oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hangi de\u011ferlerin verinin %68, %95 ve %99,7&#8217;sini i\u00e7erdi\u011fini belirlemek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kodu kullanabiliriz:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#define mean and standard deviation values<\/span>\nmean=7<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">sd=2.2<\/span>\n\n#find which values contain 68% of data<\/span>\nmean-2.2; mean+2.2\n\n[1] 4.8\n[1] 9.2\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find which values contain 95% of data\n<\/span>mean-2*2.2; mean+2*2.2\n\n[1] 2.6\n[1] 11.4\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find which values contain 99.7% of data\n<\/span>mean-3*2.2; mean+3*2.2\n\n[1] 0.4\n[1] 13.6\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131dan \u015funlar\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliriz:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Verilerin %68&#8217;i <strong>4,8<\/strong> ile <strong>9,2<\/strong> aras\u0131ndad\u0131r<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Verilerin %95&#8217;i <strong>2,6<\/strong> ile <strong>11,4<\/strong> aras\u0131ndad\u0131r<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Verilerin %99,7&#8217;si <strong>0,4<\/strong> ile <strong>13,6<\/strong> aras\u0131ndad\u0131r<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00d6rnek 2: Verilerin y\u00fczde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n belirli de\u011ferler aras\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyin<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ortalamas\u0131 100 ve standart sapmas\u0131 5 olan normal da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir veri setimiz oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mda verilerin y\u00fczde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n <strong>99<\/strong> ile <strong>105<\/strong> de\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda oldu\u011funu bilmek istedi\u011fimizi varsayal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cevab\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in <strong>pnorm(<\/strong> ) fonksiyonunu kullanabiliriz:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#find area under normal curve between 99 and 105<\/span>\npnorm(105, mean=100, sd=5) - pnorm(99, mean=100, sd=5)\n\n[1] 0.4206045\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m i\u00e7in verilerin <strong>%42,06\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> 99 ile 105 de\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Ek kaynaklar<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/excelin-temel-kurali\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Excel&#8217;de temel kural nas\u0131l uygulan\u0131r?<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/pratik-kural-ampirik-problemler\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Temel kurallar\u0131 uygulamada sorunlar<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/basparmak-kurallari-hesaplayicisi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ba\u015fparmak Hesaplay\u0131c\u0131 Kurallar\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bazen 68-95-99,7 kural\u0131 olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan temel kural , normal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ma sahip belirli bir veri seti i\u00e7in \u015funlar\u0131 belirtir: Veri de\u011ferlerinin %68&#8217;i ortalaman\u0131n bir standart sapmas\u0131 dahilindedir. Veri de\u011ferlerinin %95&#8217;i ortalaman\u0131n iki standart sapmas\u0131 dahilindedir. Veri de\u011ferlerinin %99,7&#8217;si ortalaman\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 standart sapmas\u0131 dahilindedir. Bu derste, R&#8217;deki temel kural\u0131n belirli bir veri k\u00fcmesine nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yoruz. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rehber"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>R - Statorialsde temel kural nas\u0131l uygulan\u0131r?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bu e\u011fitimde R&#039;de temel kural\u0131n nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnekle a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-kural\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R - Statorialsde temel kural nas\u0131l uygulan\u0131r?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bu e\u011fitimde R&#039;de temel kural\u0131n nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnekle a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-kural\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Statorials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-23T03:34:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr.benjamin anderson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr.benjamin anderson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-kural\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-kural\/\",\"name\":\"R - Statorialsde temel kural nas\u0131l uygulan\u0131r?\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-23T03:34:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-23T03:34:09+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/365dc158a39a7c8ae256355451e3de48\"},\"description\":\"Bu e\u011fitimde R&#39;de temel kural\u0131n nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnekle a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-kural\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-kural\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-kural\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Ev\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"R&#39;de temel kural nas\u0131l uygulan\u0131r?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/\",\"name\":\"Statorials\",\"description\":\"\u0130statistik okuryazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 rehberiniz!\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/365dc158a39a7c8ae256355451e3de48\",\"name\":\"Dr.benjamin anderson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Dr.benjamin anderson\"},\"description\":\"Merhaba, ben Benjamin, emekli bir istatistik profes\u00f6r\u00fc ve Statorials \u00f6\u011fretmenine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. \u0130statistik alan\u0131ndaki kapsaml\u0131 deneyimim ve uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131mla, \u00f6\u011frencilerimi Statorials arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in bilgilerimi payla\u015fmaya can at\u0131yorum. Daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 bil\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"R - Statorialsde temel kural nas\u0131l uygulan\u0131r?","description":"Bu e\u011fitimde R&#39;de temel kural\u0131n nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnekle a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-kural\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"R - Statorialsde temel kural nas\u0131l uygulan\u0131r?","og_description":"Bu e\u011fitimde R&#39;de temel kural\u0131n nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnekle a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.","og_url":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-kural\/","og_site_name":"Statorials","article_published_time":"2023-07-23T03:34:09+00:00","author":"Dr.benjamin anderson","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":"Dr.benjamin anderson","Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"2 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-kural\/","url":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-kural\/","name":"R - Statorialsde temel kural nas\u0131l uygulan\u0131r?","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2023-07-23T03:34:09+00:00","dateModified":"2023-07-23T03:34:09+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/365dc158a39a7c8ae256355451e3de48"},"description":"Bu e\u011fitimde R&#39;de temel kural\u0131n nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnekle a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-kural\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-kural\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-kural\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Ev","item":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"R&#39;de temel kural nas\u0131l uygulan\u0131r?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/","name":"Statorials","description":"\u0130statistik okuryazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 rehberiniz!","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/365dc158a39a7c8ae256355451e3de48","name":"Dr.benjamin anderson","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Dr.-Benjamin-Anderson-96x96.jpg","caption":"Dr.benjamin anderson"},"description":"Merhaba, ben Benjamin, emekli bir istatistik profes\u00f6r\u00fc ve Statorials \u00f6\u011fretmenine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. \u0130statistik alan\u0131ndaki kapsaml\u0131 deneyimim ve uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131mla, \u00f6\u011frencilerimi Statorials arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in bilgilerimi payla\u015fmaya can at\u0131yorum. Daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 bil","sameAs":["https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr"]}]}},"yoast_meta":{"yoast_wpseo_title":"","yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","yoast_wpseo_canonical":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2235","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2235"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2235\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2235"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2235"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}