{"id":2898,"date":"2023-07-20T04:57:58","date_gmt":"2023-07-20T04:57:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/iki-noktali-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-20T04:57:58","modified_gmt":"2023-07-20T04:57:58","slug":"iki-noktali-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/iki-noktali-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Pca sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in r&#39;de bir biplot nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulur"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Temel bile\u015fen analizi<\/strong> (PCA), bir veri k\u00fcmesindeki varyasyonun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klayan temel bile\u015fenleri bulmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan, <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/denetimli-ve-denetimsiz-ogrenme\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">denetimsiz<\/a> bir makine \u00f6\u011frenme tekni\u011fidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Belirli bir veri k\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in PCA sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in, bir veri k\u00fcmesindeki her g\u00f6zlemi ilk iki ana bile\u015fen taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan bir d\u00fczlemde g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyen bir \u00e7izim olan bir <strong>biplot<\/strong> olu\u015fturabiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Biplot olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in R&#8217;de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki temel s\u00f6zdizimini kullanabiliriz:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#perform PCA<\/span>\nresults &lt;- princomp(df)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create biplot to visualize results of PCA<\/span>\nbiplot(results)<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnek, bu s\u00f6zdiziminin pratikte nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00d6rnek: R&#8217;de biplot nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulur<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu \u00f6rnek i\u00e7in <strong>USArrests<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilen yerle\u015fik R veri k\u00fcmesini kullanaca\u011f\u0131z:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view first six rows of <em>USArrests<\/em> dataset<\/span>\nhead(USArrests)\n\n           Murder Assault UrbanPop Rape\nAlabama 13.2 236 58 21.2\nAlaska 10.0 263 48 44.5\nArizona 8.1 294 80 31.0\nArkansas 8.8 190 50 19.5\nCalifornia 9.0 276 91 40.6\nColorado 7.9 204 78 38.7\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">PCA&#8217;y\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bir biplotta g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kodu kullanabiliriz:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#perform PCA\n<\/span>results &lt;- princomp(USArrests)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#visualize results of PCA in biplot\n<\/span>biplot(results)\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-25283 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/biplot1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"448\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">X ekseni birinci temel bile\u015feni, y ekseni ikinci temel bile\u015feni g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler ve veri k\u00fcmesindeki bireysel <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/istatistikte-gozlem\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">g\u00f6zlemler<\/a> grafi\u011fin i\u00e7inde d\u00f6rt de\u011fi\u015fkenin t\u00fcm\u00fc k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkte g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Grafi\u011fin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in <strong>biplot<\/strong> i\u015flevinde kullanabilece\u011fimiz birka\u00e7 arg\u00fcman oldu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7izimdeki renkleri, yaz\u0131 tipi boyutunu, eksen s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7izim ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, eksen ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve oklar\u0131n boyutunu de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kodu kullanabiliriz:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create biplot with custom appearance\n<\/span>biplot(results,\n       col=c(' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">blue<\/span> ', ' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red<\/span> '),\n       cex=c(1, 1.3),\n       xlim=c(-.4, .4),\n       main=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">PCA Results<\/span> ',\n       xlab=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">First Component<\/span> ',\n       ylab=' <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Second Component<\/span> ',\n       expand= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">1.2<\/span> )<\/strong> <\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-25284\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/biplot2.jpg\" alt=\"R'de iki nokta\" width=\"443\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu \u00e7ift grafi\u011fin okunmas\u0131 \u00f6ncekine g\u00f6re biraz daha kolayd\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Biplotun g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullanabilece\u011finiz arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n tam listesini <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rdocumentation.org\/packages\/stats\/versions\/3.6.2\/topics\/biplot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">burada<\/a> bulabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Ek kaynaklar<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki e\u011fitimler temel bile\u015fen analizi hakk\u0131nda ek bilgi sa\u011flar:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/denetimli-ve-denetimsiz-ogrenme\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Denetimli ve denetimsiz \u00f6\u011frenmeye h\u0131zl\u0131 bir giri\u015f<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/rde-temel-bilesen-analizi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">R&#8217;de Temel Bile\u015fen Analizi: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m \u00d6rnek<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Temel bile\u015fen analizi (PCA), bir veri k\u00fcmesindeki varyasyonun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klayan temel bile\u015fenleri bulmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan, denetimsiz bir makine \u00f6\u011frenme tekni\u011fidir. Belirli bir veri k\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in PCA sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in, bir veri k\u00fcmesindeki her g\u00f6zlemi ilk iki ana bile\u015fen taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan bir d\u00fczlemde g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyen bir \u00e7izim olan bir biplot olu\u015fturabiliriz. Biplot olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in R&#8217;de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2898","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rehber"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PCA sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in R&#039;de biplot nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulur?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bu e\u011fitimde, temel bile\u015fen analizinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in R&#039;de nas\u0131l biplot olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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