\u00c7o\u011fu durumda bu t\u00fcr \u00e7izim, bir veri k\u00fcmesinin normal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ma uyup uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Veriler normal olarak da\u011f\u0131l\u0131yorsa, QQ grafi\u011findeki noktalar d\u00fcz bir \u00e7apraz \u00e7izgi \u00fczerinde yer alacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Tersine, grafikteki noktalar d\u00fcz bir \u00e7apraz \u00e7izgiden ne kadar belirgin bi\u00e7imde saparsa, veri setinin normal bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m izleme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da o kadar az olur. SAS’ta bir QQ grafi\u011fi olu\u015fturman\u0131n en kolay yolu PROC UNIVARIATE<\/strong> deyimini QQPLOT<\/strong> deyimiyle birlikte kullanmakt\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnekler bu s\u00f6zdiziminin pratikte nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n Not<\/strong> : PROC UNIVARIATE<\/strong> deyimi taraf\u0131ndan otomatik olarak olu\u015fturulan di\u011fer t\u00fcm \u00f6zet istatistikleri ve tablolar\u0131 kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in NOPRINT<\/strong> deyimini kullan\u0131r\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kod, ortalamas\u0131 10 ve standart sapmas\u0131 2 olan normal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mdan olu\u015fturulan 1000 g\u00f6zlem<\/a> i\u00e7eren bir veri seti i\u00e7in QQ grafi\u011finin nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir:<\/span> <\/p>\n Noktalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukla d\u00fcz bir \u00e7apraz \u00e7izgi boyunca uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kuyruklar\u0131n her birinde baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sapmalar\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n Bu grafi\u011fe dayanarak, bu veri k\u00fcmesinin normal da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rahatl\u0131kla varsayabiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kod, \u00fcstel da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mdan<\/a> olu\u015fturulan 1000 g\u00f6zlem i\u00e7eren bir veri k\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in QQ grafi\u011finin nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir:<\/span> <\/p>\n Noktalar\u0131n d\u00fcz bir \u00e7apraz \u00e7izgiden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. Bu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a veri setinin normal da\u011f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/span><\/p>\n Verilerin \u00fcstel bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m izlemesi gerekti\u011fini belirtti\u011fimiz g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu mant\u0131kl\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki e\u011fitimlerde SAS’ta di\u011fer ortak g\u00f6revlerin nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n SAS’ta Normallik Testi i\u00e7in Proc Univariate Nas\u0131l Kullan\u0131l\u0131r<\/a> Bir veri k\u00fcmesinin potansiyel olarak teorik bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mdan gelip gelmedi\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in “kantil-nicelik” kelimesinin k\u0131saltmas\u0131 olan bir QQ grafi\u011fi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu durumda bu t\u00fcr \u00e7izim, bir veri k\u00fcmesinin normal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ma uyup uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Veriler normal olarak da\u011f\u0131l\u0131yorsa, QQ grafi\u011findeki noktalar d\u00fcz bir \u00e7apraz \u00e7izgi \u00fczerinde yer alacakt\u0131r. Tersine, grafikteki noktalar d\u00fcz bir \u00e7apraz […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rehber"],"yoast_head":"\n
<\/span><\/p>\n proc univariate<\/span> data<\/span> =my_data noprint<\/span> ;\n qqplot<\/span> my_variable;\nrun<\/span> ;<\/strong><\/pre>\n \u00d6rnek 1: Normal veriler i\u00e7in SAS’ta bir QQ grafi\u011fi olu\u015fturma<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
\/*generate 1000 values that follow normal distribution with mean 10 and sd 2 *\/\n<\/span>data<\/span> normal_data;\n do<\/span> i = 1 to<\/span> 1000;\n\tx<\/span> = 10 + 2* rannor<\/span> (1);\n output<\/span> ;\n end<\/span> ;\nrun<\/span> ;\n\n\/*create some plot*\/\n<\/span>proc univariate<\/span> data<\/span> =normal_data noprint<\/span> ;\n qqplot<\/span> x;\nrun<\/span> ;<\/strong><\/span> <\/pre>\n![\"SAS'ta](\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/qqsas1.png\")
<\/p>\n \u00d6rnek 2: Normal olmayan veriler i\u00e7in QQ grafi\u011fi<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
\/*generate 1000 values that follow an exponential distribution*\/\n<\/span>data<\/span> exp_data;\n do<\/span> i = 1 to<\/span> 1000;\n\tx<\/span> = ranexp<\/span> (1);\n output<\/span> ;\n end<\/span> ;\nrun<\/span> ;\n\n\/*create some plot*\/\n<\/span>proc univariate<\/span> data<\/span> =exp_data noprint<\/span> ;\n qqplot<\/span> x;\nrun<\/span> ;<\/strong><\/span> <\/pre>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/qqsas2.png\")
<\/p>\n Ek kaynaklar<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
SAS’ta g\u00fcnl\u00fck d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir?<\/a>
SAS’ta ayk\u0131r\u0131 de\u011ferler nas\u0131l belirlenir<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"