{"id":548,"date":"2023-07-29T13:27:37","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T13:27:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/etki-boyutu\/"},"modified":"2023-07-29T13:27:37","modified_gmt":"2023-07-29T13:27:37","slug":"etki-boyutu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/etki-boyutu\/","title":{"rendered":"Etki boyutu: nedir ve neden \u00f6nemlidir?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>&#8220;\u0130statistiksel anlaml\u0131l\u0131k, sonu\u00e7larla ilgili en az ilgin\u00e7 olan \u015fey. Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tan\u0131mlaman\u0131z gerekir; bir tedavi yaln\u0131zca insanlar\u0131 etkilemez, ayn\u0131 zamanda onlar\u0131 ne kadar etkiler.<\/em> -Gene V. Cam<\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0130statistiklerde, iki grup aras\u0131nda istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 bir fark olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in s\u0131kl\u0131kla <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/p-degerleri-istatistiksel-anlamlilik\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">p de\u011ferlerini<\/a> kullan\u0131r\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, iki farkl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tekni\u011finin farkl\u0131 test puanlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131p a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek istedi\u011fimizi varsayal\u0131m. Yani, bir teste haz\u0131rlanmak i\u00e7in bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tekni\u011fini kullanan 20 \u00f6\u011frenciden olu\u015fan bir grubumuz var, di\u011fer 20 \u00f6\u011frenciden olu\u015fan bir grup ise farkl\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tekni\u011fini kullan\u0131yor. Daha sonra her \u00f6\u011frenciye ayn\u0131 testi uyguluyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ortalamalardaki fark\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in iki \u00f6rnekli bir t testi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra testin p de\u011ferinin 0,001 oldu\u011funu bulduk. Anlaml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeyi olarak 0,05 kullan\u0131rsak bu, iki grubun ortalama sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 bir fark oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tekni\u011finin test sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkisi vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ancak p de\u011feri bize \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tekni\u011finin test puanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkisi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylese de bu etkinin <em>b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc<\/em> s\u00f6ylemez. Bunu anlamak i\u00e7in <strong>etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc<\/strong> bilmemiz gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedir?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc,<\/strong> iki grup aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7menin bir yoludur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bir p de\u011feri bize iki grup aras\u0131nda istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 bir fark olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilirken, etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bize bu fark\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte <em>ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck<\/em> oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebilir. Uygulamada etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri, p-de\u011ferlerinden \u00e7ok daha ilgin\u00e7 ve faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z analizin t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7menin \u00fc\u00e7 yolu vard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1. Standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ortalama fark<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0130ki grup aras\u0131ndaki ortalama fark\u0131 incelemek istedi\u011finizde etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hesaplaman\u0131n uygun yolu <strong>standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ortalama fark<\/strong> kullanmakt\u0131r. Kullan\u0131lacak en pop\u00fcler form\u00fcl Cohen&#8217;in <em>d&#8217;si<\/em> olarak bilinir ve \u015fu \u015fekilde hesaplan\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><sub>Cohen&#8217;in<\/sub> <em>D<\/em> = ( <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x1<\/span> \u2013 <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x2<\/span> )\/ <sub>s<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">burada <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x<\/span> <sub>1<\/sub> ve <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x<\/span> <sub>2<\/sub> s\u0131ras\u0131yla grup 1 ve grup 2&#8217;nin \u00f6rnek ortalamalar\u0131d\u0131r ve <em>s<\/em> , iki grubun se\u00e7ildi\u011fi pop\u00fclasyonun standart sapmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu form\u00fcl\u00fc kullanarak etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yorumlanmas\u0131 kolayd\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A <em>d&#8217;<\/em> nin 1 olmas\u0131, iki grubun ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n bir standart sapma kadar farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A <em>d<\/em> 2, grup ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n iki standart sapma kadar farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">2,5&#8217;lik bir <em>d,<\/em> iki ortalaman\u0131n 2,5 standart sapma kadar farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir ve bu b\u00f6yle devam eder.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yorumlaman\u0131n ba\u015fka bir yolu \u015fudur: 0,3&#8217;l\u00fck bir etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Grup <em>2&#8217;deki<\/em> ortalama ki\u015finin puan\u0131n\u0131n, grup <em>1&#8217;in<\/em> ki\u015fi ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n 0,3 standart sapma \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla grup <em>1&#8217;in<\/em> puanlar\u0131n\u0131n %62&#8217;sini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda farkl\u0131 etki boyutlar\u0131 ve bunlara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen y\u00fczdelikler g\u00f6sterilmektedir:<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"max-width: 50%; margin: 0 auto;\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Etki boyutu<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<th> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Grup <em>1&#8217;deki<\/em> ki\u015filerin ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda olabilecek grup <em>2&#8217;nin<\/em> y\u00fczdesi<\/span><\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">0,0<\/span><\/td>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">%50<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">0,2<\/span><\/td>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">%58<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">0,4<\/span><\/td>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">%66<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">0,6<\/span><\/td>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">%73<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">0,8<\/span><\/td>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">%79<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">1.0<\/span><\/td>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">%84<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">1.2<\/span><\/td>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">%88<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">1.4<\/span><\/td>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">%92<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">1.6<\/span><\/td>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">%95<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">1.8<\/span><\/td>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">%96<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">2.0<\/span><\/td>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">%98<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">2.5<\/span><\/td>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">%99<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">3.0<\/span><\/td>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">%99,9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olursa, her gruptaki ortalama birey aras\u0131ndaki fark da o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Genel olarak, 0,2 veya daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir <em>d<\/em> k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak kabul edilir, 0,5 civar\u0131ndaki bir <em>d<\/em> orta etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak kabul edilir ve 0,8 veya daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir <em>d<\/em> b\u00fcy\u00fck etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak kabul edilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, iki grubun ortalamalar\u0131 en az 0,2 standart sapma kadar farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermiyorsa, p de\u011feri istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 olsa bile fark \u00f6nemsizdir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2. Korelasyon katsay\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0130ki de\u011fi\u015fken aras\u0131ndaki niceliksel ili\u015fkiyi incelemek istedi\u011finizde etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hesaplaman\u0131n en yayg\u0131n yolu <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/pearson-korelasyon-katsayisi-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pearson korelasyon katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131<\/a> kullanmakt\u0131r. \u0130ki de\u011fi\u015fken <em>X<\/em> ve <em>Y<\/em> aras\u0131ndaki do\u011frusal ili\u015fkinin bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. -1 ile 1 aras\u0131nda bir de\u011fere sahiptir; burada:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">-1, iki de\u011fi\u015fken aras\u0131nda tamamen negatif bir do\u011frusal korelasyonu g\u00f6sterir<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">0, iki de\u011fi\u015fken aras\u0131nda do\u011frusal bir korelasyon olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">1, iki de\u011fi\u015fken aras\u0131nda m\u00fckemmel pozitif do\u011frusal bir korelasyonu g\u00f6sterir<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Pearson korelasyon katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplama form\u00fcl\u00fc olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r ancak ilgilenenler i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pearson_correlation_coefficient\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">burada<\/a> bulunabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Korelasyon katsay\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131rdan ne kadar uzaksa, iki de\u011fi\u015fken aras\u0131ndaki do\u011frusal ili\u015fki o kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda <em>X<\/em> ve <em>Y<\/em> de\u011fi\u015fkenlerinin de\u011ferlerinin basit bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m grafi\u011fini olu\u015fturarak da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m grafi\u011fi <em>r =<\/em> 0,94 korelasyon katsay\u0131s\u0131na sahip iki de\u011fi\u015fkenin de\u011ferlerini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu de\u011ferin s\u0131f\u0131rdan uzak olmas\u0131 iki de\u011fi\u015fken aras\u0131nda pozitif y\u00f6nde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ili\u015fkinin oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4813 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/taille-deffet1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"331\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tersine, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m grafi\u011fi <em>r =<\/em> 0,03 korelasyon katsay\u0131s\u0131na sahip iki de\u011fi\u015fkenin de\u011ferlerini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu de\u011ferin s\u0131f\u0131ra yak\u0131n olmas\u0131 iki de\u011fi\u015fken aras\u0131nda neredeyse hi\u00e7 ili\u015fki olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4814 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/taille-deffet2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"327\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Genel olarak, Pearson korelasyon katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri <em>r<\/em> yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,1 ise etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, <em>r<\/em> yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,3 ise orta ve <em>r<\/em> 0,5&#8217;e e\u015fit veya daha b\u00fcy\u00fckse b\u00fcy\u00fck olarak kabul edilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3. Oran oran\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bir tedavi grubundaki ba\u015far\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir kontrol grubundaki ba\u015far\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 incelemek istedi\u011finizde, etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hesaplaman\u0131n en yayg\u0131n yolu <strong>olas\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> kullanmakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloya sahip oldu\u011fumuzu varsayal\u0131m:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Etki boyutu<\/span><\/th>\n<th> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">#Ba\u015far\u0131<\/span><\/th>\n<th> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">#Satran\u00e7<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tedavi grubu<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">SAH\u0130P OLMAK<\/span><\/td>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">B<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Kontrol grubu<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">VS<\/span><\/td>\n<td> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">D<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde hesaplanacakt\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131 = (AD) \/ (BC)<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Olas\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131 1&#8217;den ne kadar uzak olursa, tedavinin ger\u00e7ek bir etki yaratma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da o kadar y\u00fcksek olur.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>P De\u011ferleri \u00dczerinden Etki B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Kullanman\u0131n Yararlar\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklerinin p de\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitli avantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1.<\/strong> Etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, iki grup aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n <em>ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck<\/em> oldu\u011fu veya iki grup aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin <em>ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc<\/em> oldu\u011fu konusunda daha iyi bir fikir edinmemize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Bir p de\u011feri bize yaln\u0131zca anlaml\u0131 bir fark\u0131n veya anlaml\u0131 bir ili\u015fkinin <em>olup<\/em> olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2.<\/strong> P de\u011ferlerinden farkl\u0131 olarak etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri, farkl\u0131 ortamlarda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen farkl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 niceliksel olarak kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Bu nedenle meta-analizlerde etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3.<\/strong> P de\u011ferleri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6rneklem boyutlar\u0131ndan etkilenebilir. \u00d6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olursa, hipotez testinin istatistiksel g\u00fcc\u00fc de o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olur ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck etkileri bile tespit etmesine olanak tan\u0131r. Bu, pratik \u00f6nemi olmayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck etki boyutlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck p de\u011ferlerine yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Basit bir \u00f6rnek bunu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterebilir: Diyelim ki iki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tekni\u011finin farkl\u0131 test puanlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131p a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek istiyoruz. Bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tekni\u011fini kullanan 20 \u00f6\u011frenciden olu\u015fan bir grubumuz var, farkl\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tekni\u011fini kullanan 20 \u00f6\u011frenciden olu\u015fan ba\u015fka bir grubumuz var. Daha sonra her \u00f6\u011frenciye ayn\u0131 testi uyguluyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">1. grubun ortalama puan\u0131 <b>90.65<\/b> , 2. grubun ortalama puan\u0131 <b>90.75&#8217;tir<\/b> . 1. numunenin standart sapmas\u0131 <strong>2,77<\/strong> ve 2. numunenin standart sapmas\u0131 <strong>2,78&#8217;dir<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z iki \u00f6rnekli t testi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda test istatisti\u011finin <strong>-0,113<\/strong> ve buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen p de\u011ferinin <strong>0,91<\/strong> oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Ortalama test puanlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-slot-rendered-dynamic=\"true\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bununla birlikte, iki numunenin numune boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n her ikisinin de <strong>200<\/strong> oldu\u011funu, ancak ortalamalar\u0131n ve standart sapmalar\u0131n tamamen ayn\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-slot-rendered-dynamic=\"true\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bu durumda, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z iki \u00f6rnekli bir t testi, test istatisti\u011finin <strong>-1,97<\/strong> oldu\u011funu ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen p de\u011ferinin <strong>0,05&#8217;in<\/strong> hemen alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karacakt\u0131r. Ortalama test puanlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklerinin istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda yatan neden, <em>t-<\/em> testi istatistiklerini hesaplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan form\u00fclden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>test istatisti\u011fi <em>t<\/em><\/strong> = [ ( <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x<\/span> <sub>1<\/sub> \u2013 <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x<\/span> <sub>2<\/sub> ) \u2013 d ] \/ (\u221a <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">s <sup>2<\/sup> <sub>1<\/sub> \/ n <sub>1<\/sub> + s <sup>2<\/sup> <sub>2<\/sub> \/ n <sub>2<\/sub><\/span> )<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">n <sub>1<\/sub> ve n <sub>2<\/sub> k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011funda <em>t<\/em> testi istatisti\u011finin tamsay\u0131 paydas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011funa dikkat edin. Ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir say\u0131ya b\u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir say\u0131 elde edersiniz. Bu, <em>t-<\/em> testi istatisti\u011finin b\u00fcy\u00fck olaca\u011f\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen p de\u011ferinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olaca\u011f\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0130yi bir etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak kabul edilen \u015fey nedir?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00d6\u011frencilerin s\u0131kl\u0131kla sordu\u011fu soru \u015fudur: <strong><em>\u0130yi etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedir?<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">K\u0131sa cevap: Bir etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc &#8220;iyi&#8221; veya &#8220;k\u00f6t\u00fc&#8221; olamaz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yaln\u0131zca iki grup aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n boyutunu veya iki grup aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7er.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ancak bir etkinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, orta veya b\u00fcy\u00fck olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki temel kurallar\u0131 kullanabiliriz:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Cohen&#8217;in D&#8217;si:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">0,2 veya daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir <em>d,<\/em> k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak kabul edilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">0,5&#8217;lik bir <em>d<\/em> orta etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak kabul edilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">0,8 veya daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir <em>d,<\/em> b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak kabul edilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Pearson Korelasyon Katsay\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>r&#8217;nin<\/em> 0,1 civar\u0131ndaki mutlak de\u011feri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak kabul edilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>r&#8217;nin<\/em> 0,3 civar\u0131ndaki mutlak de\u011feri orta etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak kabul edilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>r&#8217;nin<\/em> 0,5&#8217;ten b\u00fcy\u00fck mutlak de\u011feri, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olarak kabul edilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ancak \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u201d bir korelasyonun tan\u0131m\u0131 bir alandan di\u011ferine farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir. Farkl\u0131 end\u00fcstriler aras\u0131nda neyin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir korelasyon olarak kabul edildi\u011fini daha iyi anlamak i\u00e7in <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bu makaleye<\/a> bak\u0131n.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;\u0130statistiksel anlaml\u0131l\u0131k, sonu\u00e7larla ilgili en az ilgin\u00e7 olan \u015fey. Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tan\u0131mlaman\u0131z gerekir; bir tedavi yaln\u0131zca insanlar\u0131 etkilemez, ayn\u0131 zamanda onlar\u0131 ne kadar etkiler. -Gene V. Cam \u0130statistiklerde, iki grup aras\u0131nda istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 bir fark olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in s\u0131kl\u0131kla p de\u011ferlerini kullan\u0131r\u0131z. \u00d6rne\u011fin, iki farkl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma tekni\u011finin farkl\u0131 test puanlar\u0131na yol [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rehber"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Etki B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: Nedir ve Neden \u00d6nemlidir - Statorials<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek de dahil olmak \u00fczere istatistiklerde etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn basit bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/etki-boyutu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Etki B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: Nedir ve Neden \u00d6nemlidir - 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