Bu e\u011fitimde, R’de bir regresyon modeli i\u00e7in art\u0131k grafiklerin nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Bu \u00f6rnekte, mtcars’\u0131n<\/strong> yerle\u015fik R veri k\u00fcmesini kullanarak bir regresyon modeli yerle\u015ftirece\u011fiz ve ard\u0131ndan art\u0131klar\u0131 analiz etmek i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131 grafi\u011fi \u00fcretece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/p>\n Ad\u0131m 1: Regresyon modelini yerle\u015ftirin.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u0130lk olarak, yan\u0131t de\u011fi\u015fkeni olarak mpg’yi<\/strong> ve a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fkenler olarak disp<\/strong> ve hp’yi<\/strong> kullanarak bir regresyon modeli uygulayaca\u011f\u0131z:<\/span><\/p>\n Ad\u0131m 2: Art\u0131k veya d\u00fczeltilmi\u015f bir grafik olu\u015fturun.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Daha sonra, heteroskedastisiteyi (\u00f6rne\u011fin, bir de\u011fer aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyunca art\u0131klar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndaki sistematik bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik) g\u00f6rsel olarak tespit etmek i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 olan bir kal\u0131nt\u0131\/uydurma grafi\u011fi \u00fcretece\u011fiz.<\/span> <\/p>\n X ekseni tak\u0131lan de\u011ferleri, y ekseni ise art\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler. Grafikten, daha y\u00fcksek uyum de\u011ferleri i\u00e7in art\u0131klar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek olma e\u011filiminde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebiliriz, ancak bu, modelde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmam\u0131z\u0131 gerektirecek kadar ciddi g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.<\/span><\/p>\n Ad\u0131m 3: Bir QQ grafi\u011fi olu\u015fturun.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Art\u0131klar\u0131n normal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ma uyup uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 olan bir QQ grafi\u011fi de \u00fcretebiliriz. Grafikteki veri de\u011ferleri 45 derecelik a\u00e7\u0131yla kabaca d\u00fcz bir \u00e7izgi izliyorsa veriler normal \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131l\u0131yor demektir.<\/span> <\/p>\n Art\u0131klar\u0131n kuyruklara yak\u0131n \u00e7izgiden biraz sapma e\u011filiminde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebiliriz, bu da onlar\u0131n normal da\u011f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n Ad\u0131m 4: Bir yo\u011funluk grafi\u011fi olu\u015fturun.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Art\u0131klar\u0131n normal \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131l\u0131p da\u011f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rsel olarak kontrol etmek i\u00e7in de yararl\u0131 olan bir yo\u011funluk grafi\u011fi de \u00fcretebiliriz. Grafik kabaca \u00e7an \u015feklinde ise, art\u0131klar muhtemelen normal bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m izleyecektir.<\/span> <\/p>\n Yo\u011funluk grafi\u011finin, hafif\u00e7e sa\u011fa do\u011fru e\u011filmesine ra\u011fmen kabaca \u00e7an \u015feklini takip etti\u011fini g\u00f6rebiliriz. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, art\u0131klar\u0131n daha normal da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in veriler \u00fczerinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye karar verebilir veya vermeyebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n R’de standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f art\u0131klar nas\u0131l hesaplan\u0131r<\/a> Art\u0131k grafikleri genellikle bir regresyon analizinden elde edilen art\u0131klar\u0131n normal \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131l\u0131p da\u011f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fen varyans sergileyip sergilemediklerini de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu e\u011fitimde, R’de bir regresyon modeli i\u00e7in art\u0131k grafiklerin nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rnek: R’deki Art\u0131k Grafikler Bu \u00f6rnekte, mtcars’\u0131n yerle\u015fik R veri k\u00fcmesini kullanarak bir regresyon modeli yerle\u015ftirece\u011fiz ve ard\u0131ndan art\u0131klar\u0131 analiz etmek i\u00e7in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rehber"],"yoast_head":"\n \u00d6rnek: R’deki Art\u0131k Grafikler<\/strong><\/h3>\n
#load the dataset<\/span>\ndata(mtcars)\n\n#fit a regression model<\/span>\nmodel <- lm(mpg~disp+hp, data=mtcars)\n\n#get list of residuals<\/span> \nres <- resid(model)\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n #produce residual vs. fitted plot<\/span>\nplot(fitted(model), res)\n\n#add a horizontal line at 0<\/span> \nabline(0,0)\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n![\"R'de](\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/residplotr1.png\")
<\/p>\n #create QQ plot for residuals\n<\/span>qqnorm(res)\n\n#add a straight diagonal line to the plot<\/span>\nqqline(res) \n<\/strong><\/pre>\n![\"R'de](\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/residplotr2.png\")
<\/p>\n #Create density plot of residuals<\/span>\nplot(density(res))\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n![\"R'de](\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/residplotr3.png\")
<\/p>\n Ek kaynaklar<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
R’de \u00f6\u011frencile\u015ftirilmi\u015f art\u0131klar nas\u0131l hesaplan\u0131r<\/a>
R’de art\u0131klar\u0131n histogram\u0131 nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulur<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"