En yayg\u0131n pop\u00fclasyon parametrelerinden ikisi \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n 1. N\u00fcfus anlam\u0131:<\/strong> bir n\u00fcfustaki bir de\u011fi\u015fkenin ortalama de\u011feri (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’ndeki erkeklerin ortalama boyu)<\/span><\/p>\n 2. N\u00fcfus oran\u0131:<\/strong> Bir de\u011fi\u015fkenin n\u00fcfus i\u00e7indeki oran\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, belirli bir yasay\u0131 destekleyen bir il\u00e7ede ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n oran\u0131)<\/span><\/p>\n Bu parametreleri \u00f6l\u00e7mek istesek bile, pop\u00fclasyon parametresini hesaplamak i\u00e7in pop\u00fclasyondaki her bireye ili\u015fkin veri toplamak genellikle \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 ve zaman al\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Bunun yerine, genel pop\u00fclasyondan rastgele bir \u00f6rnek al\u0131r\u0131z ve \u00f6rnek verileri pop\u00fclasyon parametresini tahmin etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin Florida’daki belirli bir kaplumba\u011fa t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ortalama a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek istedi\u011fimizi varsayal\u0131m. Florida’da binlerce kaplumba\u011fa oldu\u011fundan, etrafta dola\u015f\u0131p her kaplumba\u011fay\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 tartmak son derece zaman al\u0131c\u0131 ve pahal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Bunun yerine, 50 kaplumba\u011fadan olu\u015fan basit bir rastgele \u00f6rnek<\/a> alabilir ve ger\u00e7ek pop\u00fclasyon ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek i\u00e7in bu \u00f6rnekteki kaplumba\u011falar\u0131n ortalama a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanabiliriz:<\/span> <\/p>\n Sorun, numunedeki kaplumba\u011falar\u0131n ortalama a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, t\u00fcm pop\u00fclasyondaki kaplumba\u011falar\u0131n ortalama a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tam olarak uymas\u0131n\u0131n garanti edilememesidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 kaplumba\u011falarla dolu bir \u00f6rnek veya a\u011f\u0131r kaplumba\u011falarla dolu bir \u00f6rnek se\u00e7ebiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n Bu belirsizli\u011fi yakalamak i\u00e7in bir g\u00fcven aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturabiliriz.<\/span> G\u00fcven aral\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/strong> belirli bir g\u00fcven d\u00fczeyine sahip bir pop\u00fclasyon parametresini i\u00e7ermesi muhtemel bir de\u011fer aral\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki genel form\u00fcle g\u00f6re hesaplan\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n G\u00fcven aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> = (nokta tahmini) +\/- (kritik de\u011fer)* (standart hata)<\/span><\/p>\n Bu form\u00fcl, muhtemelen belirli bir g\u00fcven d\u00fczeyine sahip bir pop\u00fclasyon parametresi i\u00e7eren, alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ve \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olan bir aral\u0131k olu\u015fturur.<\/span><\/p>\n G\u00fcven aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> = [alt s\u0131n\u0131r, \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r]<\/span><\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin, pop\u00fclasyon ortalamas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcven aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesaplama form\u00fcl\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/span><\/p>\n G\u00fcven aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 =<\/strong> x<\/span> +\/- z*(s\/\u221a n<\/span> )<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Alt\u0131n:<\/span><\/p>\n Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z z de\u011feri se\u00e7ti\u011finiz g\u00fcven d\u00fczeyine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda en yayg\u0131n g\u00fcven d\u00fczeyi se\u00e7eneklerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen z de\u011feri g\u00f6sterilmektedir:<\/span><\/p>\n![\"\u00d6rnek](\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cimoyenne1.png\")
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