{"id":868,"date":"2023-07-28T12:03:55","date_gmt":"2023-07-28T12:03:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/bazi-python-arsalari\/"},"modified":"2023-07-28T12:03:55","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T12:03:55","slug":"bazi-python-arsalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/tr\/bazi-python-arsalari\/","title":{"rendered":"Python'da qq grafi\u011fi nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulur"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Bir veri k\u00fcmesinin potansiyel olarak teorik bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mdan gelip gelmedi\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in genellikle “kantil-nicelik” kelimesinin k\u0131saltmas\u0131 olan bir QQ grafi\u011fi<\/strong> kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011fu durumda bu t\u00fcr \u00e7izim, bir veri k\u00fcmesinin normal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ma uyup uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu e\u011fitimde Python’da bir veri k\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in QQ grafi\u011finin nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6rnek: Python’da QQ grafi\u011fi<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki 100 de\u011ferden olu\u015fan veri setine sahip oldu\u011fumuzu varsayal\u0131m:<\/span><\/p>\n

 import<\/span> numpy as<\/span> np\n\n#create dataset with 100 values that follows a normal distribution\n<\/span>np.random.seed(0)\ndata = np.random.normal(0,1, 1000)\n\n#view first 10 values\n<\/span>data[:10] \n\narray([ 1.76405235, 0.40015721, 0.97873798, 2.2408932 , 1.86755799,\n       -0.97727788, 0.95008842, -0.15135721, -0.10321885, 0.4105985 ])<\/strong><\/pre>\n
 Bu veri k\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in bir QQ grafi\u011fi olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla statsmodels k\u00fct\u00fcphanesindeki qqplot() fonksiyonunu<\/a> kullanabiliriz:<\/span> <\/p>\n
 import<\/span> statsmodels.api as<\/span> sm\nimport<\/span> matplotlib.pyplot as<\/span> plt\n\n#create QQ plot with 45-degree line added to plot<\/span>\nfig = sm.qqplot(data, line='45')\nplt.show()\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n
\"Python'da<\/p>\n
 Bir QQ grafi\u011finde, x ekseni teorik y\u00fczdelik dilimleri<\/strong> g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler. Bu, ger\u00e7ek verilerinizi g\u00f6stermedi\u011fi, bunun yerine verilerinizin normal \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda nerede olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temsil etti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/span><\/p>\n
 Y ekseni mevcut verilerinizi<\/strong> g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler. Bu, veri de\u011ferlerinin 45 derecelik a\u00e7\u0131yla kabaca d\u00fcz bir \u00e7izgi izlemesi durumunda verilerin normal \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/span><\/p>\n
 Bunun yerine, e\u015fit \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 100 de\u011ferden olu\u015fan bir veri k\u00fcmesi olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve bu veri k\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in bir QQ grafi\u011fi olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn:<\/span> <\/p>\n
 #create dataset of 100 uniformly distributed values<\/span>\ndata = np.random.uniform(0,1, 1000)\n\n#generate QQ plot for the dataset\n<\/span>fig = sm.qqplot(data, line='45')\nplt.show()\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n
\"Matplotlib<\/p>\n
 Veri de\u011ferlerinin 45 derecelik k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izgiyi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a takip etmemesi normal bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m takip etmedi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/span><\/p>\n
 QQ Grafikleri Hakk\u0131nda Notlar<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
 QQ grafikleriyle ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki notlar\u0131 akl\u0131n\u0131zda bulundurun:<\/span><\/p>\n
 Yukar\u0131daki QQ grafi\u011fimizde veri de\u011ferlerinin 45 dereceyi yak\u0131ndan takip etme e\u011filiminde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebiliriz, bu da verilerin muhtemelen normal \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. 100 veri de\u011ferini numpy.random.normal() fonksiyonunu<\/a> kullanarak olu\u015fturdu\u011fumuz i\u00e7in bu \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olmasa gerek.<\/span><\/p>\n