{"id":1058,"date":"2023-07-27T19:30:41","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T19:30:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/%d0%b7%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d0%b0%d1%80%d1%82%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bc%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%ba%d0%b0-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-27T19:30:41","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T19:30:41","slug":"%d0%b7%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d0%b0%d1%80%d1%82%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bc%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%ba%d0%b0-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/%d0%b7%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d0%b0%d1%80%d1%82%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bc%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%ba%d0%b0-r\/","title":{"rendered":"\u042f\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u0432 r"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0429\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u0454\u043c\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0432 R, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Y = \u03b2 <sub>0<\/sub> + \u03b2 <sub>1<\/sub> X + \u2026 + \u03b2 <sub>i<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0434\u0435 \u03f5 \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0434 X.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u044f\u043a X \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c Y, \u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0436\u0434\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0430. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0456\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0446\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0454 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f <strong>\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0438<\/strong> , \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0454 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u03f5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0417\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456 \u043e\u0431\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0417\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0430 = \u221a <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">SS <sub>\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438<\/sub> \/ df <sub>\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438<\/sub><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sub>\u0417\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438<\/sub> SS<\/strong> : \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0432.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sub>residual<\/sub> df<\/strong> : \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u044f\u043a n \u2013 k \u2013 1, \u0434\u0435 n = \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0456 k = \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0404 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456 \u0432 R.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 1: \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043c \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 <strong>summary()<\/strong> , \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456. \u0422\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0456\u0442\u044c \u00ab\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0443\u00bb \u0432\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#load built-in <em>mtcars<\/em> dataset<\/span>\ndata(mtcars)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#fit regression model\n<\/span>model &lt;- lm(mpg~disp+hp, data=mtcars)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view model summary\n<\/span>summary(model)\n\nCall:\nlm(formula = mpg ~ disp + hp, data = mtcars)\n\nResiduals:\n    Min 1Q Median 3Q Max \n-4.7945 -2.3036 -0.8246 1.8582 6.9363 \n\nCoefficients:\n             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(&gt;|t|)    \n(Intercept) 30.735904 1.331566 23.083 &lt; 2nd-16 ***\navailable -0.030346 0.007405 -4.098 0.000306 ***\nhp -0.024840 0.013385 -1.856 0.073679 .  \n---\nSignificant. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1\n\nResidual standard error: <span style=\"color: #008000;\">3.127<\/span> on 29 degrees of freedom\nMultiple R-squared: 0.7482, Adjusted R-squared: 0.7309 \nF-statistic: 43.09 on 2 and 29 DF, p-value: 2.062e-09<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041c\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c <strong>3,127<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 2. \u0412\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0443<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0406\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0443 (RSE) \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043c \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0443 RSE:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong>sqrt( <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">deviance<\/span> (model)\/df. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">residual<\/span> (model))\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041e\u0441\u044c \u044f\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0443 \u0432 R:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#load built-in <em>mtcars<\/em> dataset<\/span>\ndata(mtcars)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#fit regression model\n<\/span>model &lt;- lm(mpg~disp+hp, data=mtcars)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate residual standard error\n<\/span>sqrt( <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">deviance<\/span> (model)\/df. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">residual<\/span> (model))\n\n[1] 3.126601\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041c\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c <strong>3,126601<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 3: \u0412\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0443<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0406\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438 RSE:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#load built-in <em>mtcars<\/em> dataset<\/span>\ndata(mtcars)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#fit regression model\n<\/span>model &lt;- lm(mpg~disp+hp, data=mtcars)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate the number of model parameters - 1\n<\/span>k=length(model$ <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">coefficients<\/span> )-1\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate sum of squared residuals<\/span>\nSSE=sum(model$ <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">residuals<\/span> **2)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate total observations in dataset<\/span>\nn=length(model$ <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">residuals<\/span> )\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate residual standard error<\/span>\nsqrt(SSE\/(n-(1+k)))\n\n[1] 3.126601\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041c\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c <strong>3,126601<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u042f\u043a \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0443<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u042f\u043a \u0437\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0430 (RSE) \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0427\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f CSR, \u0442\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c (\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0456 \u0437 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f-\u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0456\u0434\u0433\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u044e<\/a> ). \u0426\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0445 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0414\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u044f\u043a-\u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438-\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0443-\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0443\/\">\u042f\u043a \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0443<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0430-\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u044f-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u042f\u043a \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0443 \u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u044e \u0432 R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u044f\u043a-\u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438-\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0443-\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0443-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456-\u0432-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u042f\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456 \u0432 R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435-\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f-\u0432-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u042f\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 R<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0429\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u0454\u043c\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0432 R, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438: Y = \u03b2 0 + \u03b2 1 X + \u2026 + \u03b2 i \u0434\u0435 \u03f5 \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0434 X. \u041d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u044f\u043a X \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c Y, \u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0436\u0434\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0430. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0456\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u042f\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 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