{"id":1113,"date":"2023-07-27T14:52:53","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T14:52:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/%d0%bd%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%96%d0%b7%d1%83%d0%b2%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8-%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%96-%d0%b2-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-27T14:52:53","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T14:52:53","slug":"%d0%bd%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%96%d0%b7%d1%83%d0%b2%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8-%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%96-%d0%b2-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/%d0%bd%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%96%d0%b7%d1%83%d0%b2%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8-%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%96-%d0%b2-r\/","title":{"rendered":"\u042f\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0432 r: \u0456\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f<\/strong> \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0456 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0454 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e 0, \u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e 1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041d\u0430\u0439\u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0435 \u0454 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 z-\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0454 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u043e\u044e:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>(x <sub>i<\/sub> \u2013 <span style=\"text-decoration: overline;\">x<\/span> ) \/ \u0441<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>x <sub>i<\/sub><\/strong> : <sup>i-\u0442\u0435<\/sup> \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: overline;\">x<\/span><\/strong> : \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>s<\/strong> : \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0438<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0423 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u044f\u043a \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044e <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043d\u0430-\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f-\u0432-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scale()<\/a> \u0456\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c <strong>dplyr<\/strong> \u0443 R \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u0447\u0438 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0445 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0456 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 z-score.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0443<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0454, \u044f\u043a \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0443 \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0456 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0440\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445:<br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">library<\/span> (dplyr)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#make this example reproducible<\/span> \nset.seed(1)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create original data frame\n<\/span>df &lt;- data.frame(var1= runif(10, 0, 50), \n                 var2= runif(10, 2, 23),\n                 var3= runif(10, 5, 38))\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">\n#view original data frame<\/span>\ndf\n\n        var1 var2 var3\n1 13.275433 6.325466 35.845273\n2 18.606195 5.707692 12.000703\n3 28.642668 16.427480 26.505234\n4 45.410389 10.066178 9.143318\n5 10.084097 18.166670 13.818282\n6 44.919484 12.451684 17.741765\n7 47.233763 17.069989 5.441881\n8 33.039890 22.830028 17.618803\n9 31.455702 9.980739 33.699798\n10 3.089314 18.326350 16.231517\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#scale <em>var1<\/em> to have mean = 0 and standard deviation = 1<\/span>\ndf2 &lt;- df %&gt;% <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">mutate_at<\/span> (c(' <span style=\"color: #008000;\">var1<\/span> '), ~( <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">scale<\/span> (.) %&gt;% <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">as.vector<\/span> ))\ndf2\n\n          var1 var2 var3\n1 -0.90606801 6.325466 35.845273\n2 -0.56830963 5.707692 12.000703\n3 0.06760377 16.427480 26.505234\n4 1.13001072 10.066178 9.143318\n5 -1.10827188 18.166670 13.818282\n6 1.09890684 12.451684 17.741765\n7 1.24554014 17.069989 5.441881\n8 0.34621281 22.830028 17.618803\n9 0.24583830 9.980739 33.699798\n10 -1.55146305 18.326350 16.231517\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0417\u0430\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0456 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438. \u041c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0454 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0454 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f 0 \u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f 1:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate mean of scaled variable<\/span>\nmean(df2$var1)\n\n[1] -4.18502e-18 <span style=\"color: #008080;\">#basically zero<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate standard deviation of scaled variable<\/span> \nsd(df2$var1)\n\n[1] 1<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0454, \u044f\u043a \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0456 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">library<\/span> (dplyr)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#make this example reproducible<\/span> \nset.seed(1)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create original data frame\n<\/span>df &lt;- data.frame(var1= runif(10, 0, 50), \n                 var2= runif(10, 2, 23),\n                 var3= runif(10, 5, 38))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#scale <em>var1<\/em> and <em>var2<\/em> to have mean = 0 and standard deviation = 1<\/span>\ndf3 &lt;- df %&gt;% <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">mutate_at<\/span> (c(' <span style=\"color: #008000;\">var1<\/span> ', ' <span style=\"color: #008000;\">var2<\/span> '), ~( <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">scale<\/span> (.) %&gt;% <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">as.vector<\/span> ))\ndf3\n\n          var1 var2 var3\n1 -0.90606801 -1.3045574 35.845273\n2 -0.56830963 -1.4133223 12.000703\n3 0.06760377 0.4739961 26.505234\n4 1.13001072 -0.6459703 9.143318\n5 -1.10827188 0.7801967 13.818282\n6 1.09890684 -0.2259798 17.741765\n7 1.24554014 0.5871157 5.441881\n8 0.34621281 1.6012242 17.618803\n9 0.24583830 -0.6610127 33.699798\n10 -1.55146305 0.8083098 16.231517<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0456 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0456<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0454, \u044f\u043a \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 <em>\u0432\u0441\u0456<\/em> \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0456 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457 <strong>mutate_all<\/strong> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">library<\/span> (dplyr)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#make this example reproducible<\/span> \nset.seed(1)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create original data frame\n<\/span>df &lt;- data.frame(var1= runif(10, 0, 50), \n                 var2= runif(10, 2, 23),\n                 var3= runif(10, 5, 38))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#scale all variables to have mean = 0 and standard deviation = 1<\/span>\ndf4 &lt;- df %&gt;% <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">mutate_all<\/span> (~( <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">scale<\/span> (.) %&gt;% <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">as.vector<\/span> ))\ndf4\n\n          var1 var2 var3\n1 -0.90606801 -1.3045574 1.6819976\n2 -0.56830963 -1.4133223 -0.6715858\n3 0.06760377 0.4739961 0.7600871\n4 1.13001072 -0.6459703 -0.9536246\n5 -1.10827188 0.7801967 -0.4921813\n6 1.09890684 -0.2259798 -0.1049130\n7 1.24554014 0.5871157 -1.3189757\n8 0.34621281 1.6012242 -0.1170501\n9 0.24583830 -0.6610127 1.4702281\n10 -1.55146305 0.8083098 -0.2539824<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0414\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0423 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u044f\u043a \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 R:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u044f\u043a-\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438-\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456-\u0432-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u042f\u043a \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0432 R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435-\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f-\u0432-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u042f\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438-\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f-\u0432-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u042f\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438-\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456-\u0432-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u042f\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0432 R (\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u043c, \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0456\u043d\u044c, \u043a\u0443\u0431\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 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\u041d\u0430\u0439\u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0435 \u0454 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 z-\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0454 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u043e\u044e: (x i \u2013 x ) \/ \u0441 \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e: x i : i-\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 x : \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u042f\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0432 R (\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438) \u2013 Statorials<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0426\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044e\u0454, \u044f\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0432 R, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0445.\" 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