{"id":1281,"date":"2023-07-27T00:38:59","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T00:38:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/%d0%ba%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%87%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%b2%d0%b8%d0%b8-%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d1%81%d0%b0%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b8%d0%b8-%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%82-%d0%b2-%d1%80\/"},"modified":"2023-07-27T00:38:59","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T00:38:59","slug":"%d0%ba%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%87%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%b2%d0%b8%d0%b8-%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d1%81%d0%b0%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b8%d0%b8-%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%82-%d0%b2-%d1%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/%d0%ba%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%87%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%b2%d0%b8%d0%b8-%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d1%81%d0%b0%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b8%d0%b8-%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%82-%d0%b2-%d1%80\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0430\u2013\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u0432 r: \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0456\u0438-anova\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437<\/a> \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0438 \u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044f \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0437 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430-\u0433\u0456\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/a> \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u0439, \u0437 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438-\u0432\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0438\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0438,<\/a> \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0456\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0435 \u0454 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f <strong>\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0430-\u0424\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430<\/strong> , \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0454 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0456 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0430-\u0433\u0456\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f<\/a> :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>H <sub>0<\/sub> :<\/strong> \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456.<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>H <sub>A<\/sub><\/strong> : \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0456.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u042f\u043a\u0449\u043e <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/p-\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0449\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">p-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f<\/a> \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0449\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u03b1 = 0,05), \u0442\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0454\u043c\u043e \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0433\u0456\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a, \u0449\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0426\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u044f\u043a \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0430-\u0424\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u0432 R.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043a 1: \u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043c\u043e, \u043c\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043b\u0438 \u0431 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0429\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0435, \u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0454\u043c\u043e 90 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454\u043c\u043e 30 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043c \u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u044e\u0454\u043c\u043e \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043c\u0456\u0441\u044f\u0446\u044c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u044e:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#make this example reproducible\n<\/span>set.seed(0)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data frame\n<\/span>data &lt;- data.frame(program = <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">as<\/span> . <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">factor<\/span> ( <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">rep<\/span> (c(\" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">A<\/span> \", \" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">B<\/span> \", \" <span style=\"color: #008000;\">C<\/span> \"), <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">each<\/span> = 30)),\n                   weight_loss = c( <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">runif<\/span> (30, 0, 3),\n                                   <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">runif<\/span> (30, 0, 5),\n                                   <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">runif<\/span> (30, 1, 7)))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view first six rows of data frame\n<\/span>head(data)\n\n# program weight_loss\n#1 A 2.6900916\n#2 A 0.7965260\n#3 A 1.1163717\n#4 A 1.7185601\n#5 A 2.7246234\n#6 A 0.6050458<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043a 2: \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u043c\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0430-\u0424\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u044e \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0438:<\/span> <\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong>boxplot(weight_loss ~ program, data = data)\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12614 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/test1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"437\" height=\"395\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"\"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041c\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u044e \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0456:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#load dplyr package<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">library<\/span> (dplyr)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate variance of weight loss by group\n<\/span>data %&gt;%\n<span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">group_by<\/span> (program) %&gt;%\n  <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">summarize<\/span> (var=var(weight_loss))\n\n# A tibble: 3 x 2\n  program var\n     \n1 A 0.819\n2 B 1.53 \n3 C 2.46<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041c\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0438 \u0446\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0454 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0449\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438<\/a> , \u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0430-\u0424\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043a 3: \u0412\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0430-\u0424\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0429\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0430-\u0424\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u0432 R, \u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044e <strong>bf.test()<\/strong> \u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0443 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rdocumentation.org\/packages\/onewaytests\/versions\/2.4\/topics\/bf.test\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">onewaytests<\/a> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #e5e5e5; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#load onewaytests package<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">library<\/span> (onewaytests)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#perform Brown-Forsythe test<\/span>\nbf.test(weight_loss ~ program, data = data)\n\n  Brown-Forsythe Test (alpha = 0.05) \n-------------------------------------------------- ----------- \n  data: weight_loss and program \n\n  statistic: 30.83304 \n  num df: 2 \n  name df: 74.0272 \n  p.value: 1.816529e-10 \n\n  Result: Difference is statistically significant. \n-------------------------------------------------- -----------<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">P-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430 0,000, \u0456, \u044f\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0454 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0442\u0440\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0454 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <strong>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u042f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0433\u0456\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0430-\u0424\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430, \u0432\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0433\u0456\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0443, \u0446\u0435 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0423 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0454 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0412\u0438\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0439, \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0443\u0454 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u044e \u0432 4 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456 2 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 0,819, \u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430 \u2013 2,46. \u041e\u0442\u0436\u0435, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c 2,46\/0,819 = <strong>3,003<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041e\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0435 4, \u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0431 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2. \u0412\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u041a\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430-\u0423\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0430<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u042f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0443\u0454 4, \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442-\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430-\u0443\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0430\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u043b\u0430-\u0423\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0430<\/a> . \u0426\u0435 \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0435\u043a\u0432\u0456\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0412\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u041a\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430-\u0423\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0430 \u0432 R <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0442\u0443\u0442<\/a> .<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0438 \u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044f \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u0439, \u0437 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0456\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0435 \u0454 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0430-\u0424\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 , \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0454 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the 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