{"id":1307,"date":"2023-07-26T22:17:32","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T22:17:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/%d0%b7%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d0%b0%d1%80%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%96-%d0%b2-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-26T22:17:32","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T22:17:32","slug":"%d0%b7%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d0%b0%d1%80%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%96-%d0%b2-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/%d0%b7%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d0%b0%d1%80%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%96-%d0%b2-r\/","title":{"rendered":"\u042f\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0432 r"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0417\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043e\u043a<\/strong> \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044f \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0443 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u044f-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456<\/a> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0412\u0456\u043d \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0417\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043e\u043a = \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u042f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0454\u043c\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457, \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f-\u0432-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0456\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f<\/a> \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044e \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0456 \u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457:<\/span> <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-12422 \" src=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/residus1-1.png\" alt=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0456\" width=\"487\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"\"><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0443, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u043c\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f <strong>\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0412\u0456\u043d \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>r <sub>i<\/sub> = e <sub>i<\/sub> \/ s(e <sub>i<\/sub> )<\/strong> = <strong>e <sub>i<\/sub> \/ RSE\u221a <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">1-h <sub>ii<\/sub><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>e <sub>i<\/sub> :<\/strong> i- <sup>\u0439<\/sup> \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043e\u043a<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>RSE:<\/strong> \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>h <sub>ii<\/sub><\/strong> : \u0417\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f <sup>i-\u0433\u043e<\/sup> \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0456 \u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0454\u043c\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c-\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043e\u043a, \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0443\u0454 3, \u044f\u043a \u0432\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0434.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0426\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u044f\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0432 R.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043a 1: \u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0432 R:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create data<\/span>\ndata &lt;- data.frame(x=c(8, 12, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 22, 24, 26, 29, 30),\n                   y=c(41, 42, 39, 37, 35, 39, 45, 46, 39, 49, 55, 57))\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#viewdata\n<\/span>data\n\n    xy\n1 8 41\n2 12 42\n3 12 39\n4 13 37\n5 14 35\n6 16 39\n7 17 45\n8 22 46\n9 24 39\n10 26 49\n11 29 55\n12 30 57<\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043a 2. \u041f\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0414\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0454\u043c\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044e <strong>lm()<\/strong> , \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430-\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u044f-\u043f\u043e-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457<\/a> :<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#fit model\n<\/span>model &lt;- lm(y ~ x, data=data)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view model summary\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">summary(model)<\/span> \n\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Call:\nlm(formula = y ~ x, data = data)\n\nResiduals:\n    Min 1Q Median 3Q Max \n-8.7578 -2.5161 0.0292 3.3457 5.3268 \n\nCoefficients:\n            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(&gt;|t|)    \n(Intercept) 29.6309 3.6189 8.188 9.6e-06 ***\nx 0.7553 0.1821 4.148 0.00199 ** \n---\nSignificant. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1\n\nResidual standard error: 4.442 on 10 degrees of freedom\nMultiple R-squared: 0.6324, Adjusted R-squared: 0.5956 \nF-statistic: 17.2 on 1 and 10 DF, p-value: 0.001988<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043a 3: \u041e\u0431\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0414\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0454\u043c\u043e \u0432\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044e <strong>rstandard()<\/strong> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#calculate the standardized residuals\n<\/span>standard_res &lt;- rstandard(model)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view the standardized residuals<\/span>\nstandard_res\n\n          1 2 3 4 5 6 \n 1.40517322 0.81017562 0.07491009 -0.59323342 -1.24820530 -0.64248883 \n          7 8 9 10 11 12 \n 0.59610905 -0.05876884 -2.11711982 -0.06655600 0.91057211 1.26973888\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0417\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#column bind standardized residuals back to original data frame\n<\/span>final_data &lt;- cbind(data, standard_res)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#view data frame<\/span>\n    xy standard_res\n1 8 41 1.40517322\n2 12 42 0.81017562\n3 12 39 0.07491009\n4 13 37 -0.59323342\n5 14 35 -1.24820530\n6 16 39 -0.64248883\n7 17 45 0.59610905\n8 22 46 -0.05876884\n9 24 39 -2.11711982\n10 26 49 -0.06655600\n11 29 55 0.91057211\n12 30 57 1.26973888\n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041f\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043c \u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0443, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0442\u0435, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0454 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0432:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#sort standardized residuals descending\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">final_data[ <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">order<\/span> (-standard_res),]\n\n    xy standard_res\n1 8 41 1.40517322\n12 30 57 1.26973888\n11 29 55 0.91057211\n2 12 42 0.81017562\n7 17 45 0.59610905\n3 12 39 0.07491009\n8 22 46 -0.05876884\n10 26 49 -0.06655600\n4 13 37 -0.59323342\n6 16 39 -0.64248883\n5 14 35 -1.24820530\n9 24 39 -2.11711982<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0417 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0436\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0456\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0443\u0454 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f 3. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u0436\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0434\u043e\u043c.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043a 4: \u0412\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0456, \u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0441\u0456\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0456\u0432:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#plot predictor variable vs. standardized residuals\n<\/span>plot(final_data$x, standard_res, ylab=' <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Standardized Residuals<\/span> ', xlab=' <span style=\"color: #008000;\">x<\/span> ') \n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#add horizontal line at 0\n<\/span>abline(0, 0)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<h3> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0414\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043e\u043a\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0429\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438?<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456-\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438\/\">\u0429\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438?<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0430-\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u044f\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0434\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0417\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043e\u043a \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044f \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456 . \u0412\u0456\u043d \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c: \u0417\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043e\u043a = \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u042f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0454\u043c\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457, \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044e \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0456 \u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457: \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0443, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u043c\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u042f\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 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