{"id":3425,"date":"2023-07-17T13:15:29","date_gmt":"2023-07-17T13:15:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/%d0%b2%d0%b8%d0%b1%d1%96%d1%80%d0%ba%d0%b0-t-%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%82%d1%83-%d0%b2-r\/"},"modified":"2023-07-17T13:15:29","modified_gmt":"2023-07-17T13:15:29","slug":"%d0%b2%d0%b8%d0%b1%d1%96%d1%80%d0%ba%d0%b0-t-%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%82%d1%83-%d0%b2-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/%d0%b2%d0%b8%d0%b1%d1%96%d1%80%d0%ba%d0%b0-t-%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%82%d1%83-%d0%b2-r\/","title":{"rendered":"\u042f\u043a \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 t-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0443 r"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043a-t-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0422-\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0438<\/a> \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044e\u0454 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0454 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0443\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0412\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0443 R, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 t-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong>t. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">test<\/span> (data, mu= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">10<\/span> )<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0423 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u044f\u043a \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0456.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434: \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043a T \u0443 R<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e, \u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456\u043a \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044e\u0454 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043d 15 \u0434\u044e\u0439\u043c\u0430\u043c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0412\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438-\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0443<\/a> \u0437 12 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043d \u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0454 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0443 \u0457\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0434\u044e\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0445.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0412\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 t-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0432 R, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0456 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c 15 \u0434\u044e\u0439\u043c\u0456\u0432:<\/span><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background-color: #ececec; font-size: 15px;\"> <strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">#create vector to hold plant heights<\/span>\nmy_data &lt;- c(14, 14, 16, 13, 12, 17, 15, 14, 15, 13, 15, 14)\n\n<span style=\"color: #008080;\">#perform one sample t-test<\/span>\nt. <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">test<\/span> (my_data, mu= <span style=\"color: #008000;\">15<\/span> )\n\n\tOne Sample t-test\n\ndata:my_data\nt = -1.6848, df = 11, p-value = 0.1201\nalternative hypothesis: true mean is not equal to 15\n95 percent confidence interval:\n 13.46244 15.20423\nsample estimates:\nmean of x \n 14.33333 \n<\/strong><\/pre>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041e\u0441\u044c \u044f\u043a \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0456:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456<\/strong> : \u0456\u043c&#8217;\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 t-\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457. \u0423 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0456 \u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 <strong>my_data<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>t<\/strong> : \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 t-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u043e\u0431\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u044f\u043a ( <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">x<\/span> \u2013 \u03bc) \/ (s\u221a <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">n<\/span> ) = (14,333-15)\/(1,370689\/\u221a <span style=\"border-top: 1px solid black;\">12<\/span> ) = <strong>-1,6848<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>df<\/strong> : \u0421\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u044f\u043a n-1 = 12-1 = <strong>11<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>p-value<\/strong> : \u0414\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0454 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f p, \u044f\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0456 -1,6848 \u0456 11 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438. \u0423 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0443 p = <strong>0,1201<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>95% \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b<\/strong> : 95% \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0436\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0443\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u043a <strong>[13,46244, 15,20423]<\/strong> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041d\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0456\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e t-\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0456:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>H <sub>0<\/sub> :<\/strong> \u00b5 = 15 (\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043d 15 \u0434\u044e\u0439\u043c\u0456\u0432)<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>H <sub>A<\/sub> :<\/strong> \u00b5 \u226015 (\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0437\u0440\u0456\u0441\u0442 <em>\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/em> 15 \u0434\u044e\u0439\u043c\u0456\u0432)<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">P-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443 <strong>(0,1201)<\/strong> \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0437\u0430 0,05, \u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0433\u0456\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443.<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0426\u0435 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454, \u0449\u043e \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0432, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043d \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u044f\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434 15 \u0434\u044e\u0439\u043c\u0456\u0432.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2> <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0414\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0423 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u044f\u043a \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 R:<\/span><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u0434\u0432\u0430-\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0438-t-\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c-\u0443-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u042f\u043a \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 T-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0456\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/\u043f\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0456-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438-t-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u042f\u043a \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 t-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0443 R<\/a><br \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/statorials.org\/uk\/welch-t-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442-\u0432-r\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u042f\u043a \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0422-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0447\u0430 \u0432 R<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422-\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044e\u0454 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0454 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0443\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e. \u0412\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0443 R, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 t-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442: t. test (data, mu= 10 ) \u0423 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u044f\u043a \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u0439 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